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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What dx are associated with crackles?
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pulmonary edema
interstitial fibrosis deep inspiration in healthy old patients |
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What dx are associated with wheezing?
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LOCAL:
pulmonary embolus tumor foreign body DIFFUSE: asthma congestive heart failure |
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What dx are associated with stridor?
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epiglottis
obstruction laryngeal edema emergency situation |
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What dx are associated with rubbing?
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pleurisy
may develop after large volume thoracentesis |
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What dx is associated with Hamman's crunch?
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pneumomediastinum
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What dx are associated with absent breath sounds?
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pneumothorax
hemothorax hydrothorax main stem obstruction congenital absense of lung |
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What pneumonia is particularly common in chronic alcoholics?
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Kleibsiella pneumoniae
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What pneumonia is particularly common in college dorms?
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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What pneumonia is associated with becteremias arising from the intestinal or urinary tract?
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E. coli
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What is the most common pneumonia in hospitalized patients?
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strep (pneumococccal pneumonea)
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What is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia?
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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What drugs are used to treat myco?
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macrolide
doxycycline |
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Is lung compliance decreased or increased in diseases that restrict lung volume expansion (fibrosis, edema)?
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decreased
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Is lung compliance decreased or increased in diseases that have decreased elastic recoil (COPD)?
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increased
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What is the initial procedure ordered?
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chest x-ray
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What is the CT scan used for?
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cavitary lung disease
emphysema mediastinal masses calcifications blood clots |
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What differates vocal cord dysfunction syndrome from asthma?
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lack of response to brochodilator
normal spirometry after acute attack |
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What are 4 causes of obstructive lung disease?
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asthma
brochiectasis emphysema chronic bronchitis |
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What are 3 characteristics of asthma?
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airway inflammation
airway hyper-reactivity reversible airflow obstruction |
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What are the 4 classifications of chronic asthma severity?
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mild intermittent
mild persistent moderate persistent severe persistent |
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What are the goals of asthma management?
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minimize symptoms that impair activities
prevent recurrent exacerbations minimize ER visits and hospitalization maintain normal pulmonary function |
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What characterizes chronic bronchitis?
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productive cough 3 months out of the year for at least 2 consecutive years
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What characterizes emphysema?
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abnormal permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchiole with destruction of their walls and no obvious fibrosis
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What happens to FEV1 and FVC in OLD?
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in late stage, reductions in FEV1 in ratio of FEV1 to FVC
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What is a predominate symptom found in chronic bronchitis but not in emphysema?
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sputum
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What tests should be run for chronic bronchitis?
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pulmonary function tests
chest radiograph |
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What are some sypmtoms of ILD?
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fine crackles at base of the lungs
digital clubbing occupational history is important |
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What are some symptoms of sarcoidosis?
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skin lesions (erythema nodosum)
lacrimal and salivary lesions hepatomegaly ocular symptoms |
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What does the chest xray look like in sarcoidosis?
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"ground glass" infiltrates
honeycomb in advance disease |
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What is needed for a diagnosis of ILD?
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surgical lung biopsy
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What are the causes of sarcoidosis?
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infection
allergic and environmental implications |
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What does the chest xray of a sarcoidosis patient look like?
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bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement
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What is the treatment for sarcoidosis?
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corticosteroids
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In what type of patient might you expect chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
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a patient who gets repeatedly sick with an environmental change
(ie., a person who gets sick on Mondays after vacation) |
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What is the diagnostic test of choice for the initial evaluation of patients with DVT?
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duplex doppler ultrasonography
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What is the diagnostic test of choice for PE?
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EKG
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What might you be suspicious of in a patient with severe hypoxia and a normal CXR?
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PE
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What is the treatment for PE/DVT?
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heparin followed by 6 months of warfarin
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What characterizes primary pulmonary hypertension?
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vascular scarring
endothelial dysfunction intimal and medial (smooth muscle) proliferation |
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How do you diagnose primary pulmonary hypertension?
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EKG
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What is a treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension?
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phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors (sildenafis/viagra)
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What are the two SCLC stages?
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limited disease
extensive disease |
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What constitutes the limited disease stage of SCLC?
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when tumor is limited to the unilateral hemithorax
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What constitutes the extensive disease stage of SCLC?
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when the tumor extends beyond the hemithorax (including pleural effusion)
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What is the treatment for Staphlococcus aureus?
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usually requires penicillinase-resistant agent; with nosocomial or endemic MRSA, vancomycin or linezolid should be used until culture returns
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Does removing the miner from the mining environment arrest coal worker's pneumoconiosis once progression to PMF has occurred?
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nope
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Are the labs for CO poisoning ABG and Pulse Ox?
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nope
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How do you treat for smoke inhilation/ cyanide inhalation?
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cyanide kits found in most ERs that treat with 100% oxygen and sodium thiosulfate and hydroxocobalamin
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