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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Emphysema
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decreased surface area because of destruction of alveolar sacs
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Emphysema :
PLE - (Pink Puffer) |
PLE-(Pink Puffer)
Air sacs balloon towards periphery Less surface area fro air exchange, permanent destruction Genetic predisposition- deficiency in α-1-antitripsin (protects air sacs from elastases) Compensate by hyperventilation and barrel chest (use accessory muscles) |
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Emphysema :
CLE – (Blue Bloater) |
Ballooning out centrally
No elastic recoil, permanent destruction Smoker Lots of sputum Marked V/Q imbalance Respiratory depression ( PaCO2) Hypoventilation, cyanosis ****Cor pulmonale- respiratory cause for RHF ****Pulmonary HTN- hypoxic vasoconstriction |
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Bronchitis
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Irritants or infection in bronchioles
Hypertrophy of sub mucosal glands Increase in goblet cells (produce mucus) increase in obstruction Barrel chest, dyspnea, |
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Chronic Bronchitis
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persistent cough with sputum for minimum of 3 months during last 2 years
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Hypoxic vasoconstriction --> ?
BRONCHITIS |
Hypoxic vasoconstriction --> pulmonary vasoconstriction --> RHF
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Bronchiectasis
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Abnormal dilation of bronchi/bronchioles with chronic necrotizing (killing cells) infection
Bronchial obstruction --> Atelectasis (collapsed air sac) Cystic fibrosis- genetic abnormality in exocrine gland secretion --> too much mucus Loss of cilia |
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Bronchial obstruction --> ?
-Bronchiectasis |
Bronchial obstruction --> Atelectasis (collapsed air sac)
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Cystic fibrosis
-Bronchiectasis |
genetic abnormality in exocrine gland secretion --> too much mucus
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Restrictive lung disease
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Lung fibrosis (scar), lung is stiff, non-compliant
Small frequent breaths Pleural effusion- Hemothorax/pneumothorax- |
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Restrictive lung disease:
PLEURAL EFFUSION |
Pleural effusion- exudates in lung cavity, restricts lung b/c exudate takes up space
Trachea deviated away from side of effusion as a result |
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Restrictive lung disease:
Hemothorax/Pneumothorax |
Hemothorax/pneumothorax- blood or air in lung cavity --> lung collapses
Trachea deviated away from side of Hemothorax/ pneumothorax |
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Pneumonia
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inflammation of lung structure
Infectious or non-infectious agent(ex. Gastric juices aspirated) |
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ARDS- Adult Restrictive Distress Syndrome
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ARDS- Adult Restrictive Distress Syndrome
Acute onset, respiratory insufficiency, cyanosis, tachycardia and hypoxia DOES NOT RESPOND TO OXYGEN THERAPY- why? Damage to alveolar membrane( fluid and cells into alveoli), immune response to massive infection, vascular and endothelial damage Non-compliant lung secondary to pulmonary edema, Atelectasis |
