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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epinephrine |
Class: Sympathomimetic agents Route: subcutaenous, inhalation, IV MOA: Beta agonist - stimulate andenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP -> relax smooth muscle and inhibit mediator release Use: Acute vasodilation, shock, anaphylaxis, SEVERE asthma Toxicity: Tachycardia, Tremors, Nervousness, Hypokalemia, Arrhythmia, worsening angina pectoris, HTN |
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Ephedrine |
Class: Sympathomimetic agents MOA: Beta agonist - stimulate andenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP -> relax smooth muscle and inhibit mediator release Use: Asthma (VERY infrequent) Toxicity: Tachycardia, Tremors, Nervousness, Hypokalemia, Arrhythmia, worsening angina pectoris, HTN, DO NOT MIX WITH ANTIDEPRESSANTS, not for close angled glaucoma, pheochromocytoma, asymmetrical septal hypertrophy or with MAOI therapy |
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Isoproterenol |
Class: Sympathomimetic agents Route: Inhaled MOA: Beta-agonist - stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP -> relax smooth musche and inhibit mediator release Use: Asthma (VERY rare) Toxicity: Cardiac arrhythmia |
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Albuterol |
Class: Sympathomimetic agents, SABA Route: Inhaled, oral MOA: Beta-agonist - stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP -> relax smooth muscle and inhibit mediator release Use: Asthma, COPD Toxicity: Tremors, Nervousness, Weakness, Sinus tachycardia, hypokalemia |
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Terbutaline |
Class: Sympathomimetic agents Route: Inhaled, oral, subcutaneous MOA: Beta-agonist - stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP -> relax smooth muscle and inhibit mediator release Use: SEVERE Asthma (subcutaneous) Toxicity: Tremors, Nervousness, Weakness, Sinus tachycardia, hypokalemia |
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Metaproterenol |
Class: Sympathomimetic agents Route: Inhaled MOA: Beta-agonist - stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP -> relax smooth muscle and inhibit mediator release Use: Asthma Toxicity: Tremors, Nervousness, Weakness, Sinus tachycardia, hypokalemia |
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Pirbuterol |
Class: Sympathomimetic agents Route: Inhaled MOA: Beta-agonist - stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP -> relax smooth muscle and inhibit mediator release Use: Asthma Toxicity: Tremors, Nervousness, Weakness, Sinus tachycardia, hypokalemia |
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Levalbuterol |
Class: Sympathomimetic agents, SABA Route: Inhaled MOA: Beta-agonist - stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP -> relax smooth muscle and inhibit mediator release Use: Asthma, COPD, emphysema Toxicity: Tremors, Nervousness, Weakness, Sinus tachycardia, hypokalemia |
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Salmeterol |
Class: Sympathomimetic agents, LABA Route: Inhaled MOA: Beta-agonist - stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP -> relax smooth muscle and inhibit mediator release Use: Asthma maintenance, Emphysema Toxicity: Tremors, Nervousness, Weakness, Sinus tachycardia, hypokalemia |
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Formoterol |
Class: Sympathomimetic agents, LABA Route: Inhaled MOA: Beta-agonist - stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP -> relax smooth muscle and inhibit mediator release Use: Asthma maintenance, Emphysema Toxicity: Tremors, Nervousness, Weakness, Sinus tachycardia, hypokalemia |
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Indaceterol |
Class: Sympathomimetic agents, LABA Route: Inhaled MOA: Beta-agonist - stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP -> relax smooth muscle and inhibit mediator release Use: Asthma maintenance, emphysema Toxicity: Tremors, Nervousness, Weakness, Sinus tachycardia, hypokalemia |
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Theophylline |
Class: Methylxanthine Route: oral MOA: Inhibit PDE4 (increase cAMP) Adenosine receptor antagonist Inhibit release of mediators from mast cells and leukocytes Use: Asthma, COPD Toxicity: mild cortical arousal, nervousness, insomnia, can overdose, tachycardia, arrhythmia, seizures, decreased blood viscosity, stimulate secretion of gastric acids and digestion enzymes, weak diuretic |
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Atropine |
Class: Antimuscarinic MOA: competitively inhibit effect of ACh from vagus nerves at M receptors Use: Bradycardia, organophosphate and nerve agent poisoning Toxicity: Tachycardia, Vfib, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, loss of balance, dilated pupils, photophobia, dry mouth, confusion, hallucinations |
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Ipratropium bromide |
Class: Antimuscarinic, Route: Inhaled MOA: Competitively inhibit the effect of ACh from vagus nerves at M receptors Use: Asthma if beta2 agonist intolerant, COPD, Emphysema Toxicity: dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision |
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Tiotropium |
Class: Antimuscarinic; Route: Inhaled MOA: Competitively inhibit the effect of ACh from vagus nerves at M receptors Use: COPD (longer t1/2 than ipratropium), Emphysema Toxicity: dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision |
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Beclomethasone |
Class: Corticosteroids Route: Oral, inhaled MOA: inhibition of infiltation of asthmatic airways by lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells Use: Asthma (chronic), Emphysema Toxicity: adrenal suppression, adrenal insufficiency, oropharyngeal candidiasis, hoarse voice, effective only as long as taken |
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Budesonide |
Class: Corticosteroids MOA: inhibition of infiltation of asthmatic airways by lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells Use: Asthma (chronic), Emphysema Toxicity: adrenal suppression, adrenal insufficiency, oropharyngeal candidiasis, hoarse voice, effective only as long as taken |
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Ciclesonide |
Class: Corticosteroids MOA: inhibition of infiltation of asthmatic airways by lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells Use: Asthma (chronic) Toxicity: adrenal suppression, adrenal insufficiency, oropharyngeal candidiasis, hoarse voice, effective only as long as taken |
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Flunisolide |
Class: Corticosteroids MOA: inhibition of infiltation of asthmatic airways by lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells Use: Asthma (chronic) Toxicity: adrenal suppression, adrenal insufficiency, oropharyngeal candidiasis, hoarse voice, effective only as long as taken |
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Fluticasone |
Class: Corticosteroids Route: inhaled MOA: inhibition of infiltation of asthmatic airways by lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells Use: Asthma (chronic) Toxicity: adrenal suppression, adrenal insufficiency, oropharyngeal candidiasis, hoarse voice, effective only as long as taken |
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Mometasone |
Class: Corticosteroids MOA: inhibition of infiltation of asthmatic airways by lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells Use: Asthma (chronic) Toxicity: adrenal suppression, adrenal insufficiency, oropharyngeal candidiasis, hoarse voice, effective only as long as taken |
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Triamcinolone |
Class: Corticosteroids MOA: inhibition of infiltation of asthmatic airways by lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells Use: Asthma (chronic) Toxicity: adrenal suppression, adrenal insufficiency, oropharyngeal candidiasis, hoarse voice, effective only as long as taken |
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Cromolyn Sodium |
OLD DRUG! Route: Inhalation MOA: alter function of delayed chloride channels in cell membrane to inhibit activation of mast cells Use: exercise, allergen induced, and occupational asthma, allergic rhinoconjuctivitis Toxicity: irritation, cough, dry mouth, chest tightness, wheezing, myositis, gastroenteritis, eosinophilia, anaphylaxia |
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Nedocromil |
OLD DRUG! Route: Inhalation MOA: alter function of delayed chloride channels in cell membrane to inhibit activation of mast cells Use: exercise, allergen induced, and occupational asthma, allergic rhinoconjuctivitis Toxicity: irritation, cough, dry mouth, chest tightness, wheezing, myositis, gastroenteritis, eosinophilia, anaphylaxia |
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Zileuton |
Class: Leukotriene pathway inhibitor Route: oral MOA: inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (preventing leukotriene synthesis) Use: Asthma; ASA induced Asthma Toxicity: liver toxicity |
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Zarfirlukast |
Class: Leukotriene pathway inhibitor Route: Oral MOA: inhibit binding of LTD4 to its receptor Use: Asthma; ASA induced asthma |
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Montelukast (Singulair) |
Class: Leukotriene pathway inhibitor Route: Oral MOA: inhibit binding of LTD4 to its receptor Use: Asthma; ASA induced asthma |
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Omalizumab |
Class: Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody Route: subcutaneous MOA: inhibits binding of IgE to mast cll but does not activate IgE already bound to these cells and does not provoke mast cell degranulation Use: Reduce frequency and severity of asthma attacks as well as corticosteroid use; SEVERE asthma |
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Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) |
Route: IV, subcutaneous MOA: Works with anti-thrombin (III) to inhibt XII, XI, X, IX, and II Use: VTE treatment, VTE prophylaxis, acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention Toxicity: Thrombocytopenia, HIT, Bleeding Antidote: Protamine sulfate |
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Enoxaparin |
Class: Low molecular weight heparin Route: IV, subcutaneous MOA: Potentiate anti-thrombin to inhibit XII, XI, X, IX, and II (Tail smaller so most likely to inhibit X) Use: DVT, prophylaxis DVT, STEMI, percutaneous coronary intervention Toxicity: Thrombocytopenia, HIT, Bleeding, renal clearance Antidote: Protamine sulfate |
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Dalteparin |
Class: Low molecular weight heparin Route: IV, subcutaneous MOA: Potentiate anti-thrombin to inhibit XII, XI, X, IX, and II (Tail smaller so most likely to inhibit X) Use: DVT, prophylaxis DVT, STEMI, percutaneous coronary intervention Toxicity: Thrombocytopenia, HIT, Bleeding, renal clearance Antidote: Protamine sulfate |
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Fondaparinux |
Class: Indirect Factor Xa inhibitors Route: IV, subcutaneous MOA: Requires anit-thrombin as a cofactor to inhibit Xa Use: DVT, PE, Prophylaxis for DVT Toxicity: Bleeding; NOT REVERSIBLE |
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Argatroban |
Class: Direct thrombin inhibitors Route: IV MOA: Interacts directly with thrombin to block catalytic site. Binds reversibly to inhibit free and fibrin bound thrombin Use: HIT, percutaneous coronary intervention Toxicity: Bleeding |
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Lepirudin |
Class: Direct thrombin inhibitor Route: IV MOA: Interact directly with thrombin to block catalytic site and substrate recognition site |
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Bivalirudin |
Class: Direct thrombin inhibitor Route: IV MOA: Interact directly with thrombin to block catalytic site and substrate recognition site |
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Dabigatran |
Class: Direct thrombin inhibitor Route: Oral MOA: Binds catalytic site of thrombin; inhibits both free and fibrin bound thrombin; reversible binding Use: DVT, PE, Prophylaxis DVT, non-valvular Afib (prevent stroke) Toxicity: Bleeding, drug interactions with P-glycoprotein binding agents, renal clearance, NO ANTIDOTE |
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Warfarin |
Class: Vit K antagonist Route: oral MOA: Inhibits Vit K dependent factors (II, VII, IX, X, C, S) by blocking KO-reductase so Vit K can't be recycled from Vit K epoxide thus reducing intracellular levels Use: DVT, PE, prophylaxis DVT Toxicity: Bleeding, hemorrhage, must monitor, lots of food/drug interactions Antidote: Vit K |
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Ribaroxaban |
Class: Direct factor Xa inhibitor Route: oral MOA: Directly bind factor X Use: DVT, PE, prophylaxis DVT, non-valvular Afib (prevent stroke) Toxicity: Bleeding; not for renal insufficiency; NO ANTIDOTE |
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Apixaban |
Class: Direct factor Xa inhibitor Route: oral MOA: Directly bind factor X Use: DVT, PE, prophylaxis DVT, non-valvular Afib (prevent stroke) Toxicity: Bleeding; not for renal insufficiency; NO ANTIDOTE |
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Altepase (TPA) |
Class: Fibrinolytic therapy Route: IV (100mg over 2 horus) MOA: Binds to fibrin in a clot and converts entrapped plasminogen to plasmin; fibrinolysis Use: Acute ischemic stroke, Massive PE, STEMI Toxicity: Bleeding, hemorrhage |
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Romflumilast |
Class: Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Route: oral tablet MOA: PDE4 inhibitor Use: Stable COPD Toxicity: Weight loss, Nausea, insomnia, depression, anxiety, do NOT mix with methylxanthines |
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O2 |
Route: Nasal cannula Use: COPD (PaO2 <55 SPO2 <89% or PaO2 < 60 SpO2 < 90% if pulmonary HTN present) AVOID FLAMES |
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Cisplatin |
Class: Adducting agent MOA: Platinum crosslinks the N7 base of 2 guanine residues making inter and intra strand crosslinks Use: lung CA Toxicity: Myelosuppression, N/V/D, nephrotoxicity (hydration limited), neurotoxicity, ototoxicity |
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Carboplatin |
Class: Adducting agent MOA: Platinum crosslinks the N7 base of 2 guanine residues making inter and intra strand crosslinks Use: lung CA Toxicity: Myelosuppression, N/V/D |
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Mitomycin C |
Class: alkylating agent MOA: Adds alkyl group to crosslink N7 base of 2 guanine residues making inter or intra strand crosslinks Use: anti-neoplastic Toxicity: Myelosuppression, N/V/D, alopecia, pulmonary fibrosis |
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Ifosfamide |
Class: alkylating agent MOA: Adds alkyl group to crosslink N7 base of 2 guanine residues making inter or intra strand crosslinks Use: anti-neoplastic Toxicity: Myelosuppression, N/V/D, alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis, nephrotoxicity |
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Temozolomide |
Class: alkylating agent MOA: Adds alkyl group to crosslink N7 base of 2 guanine residues making inter or intra strand crosslinks Use: anti-neoplastic Toxicity: N/V, not for pts with hypersensitivity to dacarbazine, myelosuppression |
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Vinorelbine |
Class: microtubule inhibitors
MOA: Inhibit polymerization of microtubules to prevent mitosis |
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Vinblastine
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Class: Microtubule inhibitors
MOA: inhibit polymerization of microtubules to prevent mitosis |
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Paclitaxel
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Class: Microtubule inhibitor
MOA: inhibit depolymerization of microtubules so cells are frozen in mitosis but don't finish dividing Toxicity: Dose limiting neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy, bradycardia, allergic reaction Antidote: G-CSF (filgrastin) |
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Docetaxel |
Class: Microtubule inhibitor MOA: inhibit depolymerization of microtubules so cells are frozen in mitosis but don't finish dividing Toxicity: Dose limiting neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy, fluid retention, not for pts with heart disease Antidote: G-CSF (filgrastin) |
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Gemcitabine
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Class: antimetabolite
MOA: Enters cell and is converted to dFdCTP to mimic dCTP to disrupt DNA synthesis; dFdCMP is deaminated to dFdUMP which inhibits thymidilate synthesis; inhibits ribonucleotide reductase to stop conversion of CDP to dCTP for DNA synthesis |
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Pemetrexed |
Class: antimetabolite MOA: inhibit thymidylate synthase; inhibit dihydrofolate reductase; inhibit GARFT (for DNA and RNA synthesis) |
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Etoposide |
Class: topoisomerase inhibitor MOA: binds DNA topoisomerase to prevent DNA uncoiling Toxicity: Myelosuppression, N/V/D, alopecia, secondary leukemias |
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Erlotinib |
MOA: EGFR TKI targeted |
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Bevacizumab |
MOA: VEGF mAb |
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Crizotinib |
MOA: targets ALK and c-Met TKI and ROS1 TKI |
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Afatinib |
MOA: EGFR and HER2 TKI targeted |
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Certinib |
MOA: targets ALK TKI |
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Cetuximab |
MOA: EGFR mAb |
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Ramacirumab |
MOA: VEGFR2 mAb |
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Nivolumab |
MOA: PD-1 mAb |
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Everolimus |
MOA: binds to FKBP12 to inhibit mTORC1 |
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Sutinib |
MOA: TKI for multiple receptor tyrosine kinases including PDGFR, VEGFR, KIT, RET |
