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29 Cards in this Set
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Drug for the treatment of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis. Binds circulating IgE antibody.
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Omalizumab (Xolair)
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Administered subcutaneously in 2-4 week intervals.
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3 corticosteroids used to treat asthma and Rhinitis (different formulations). Inhibit synthesis of inflammatory mediators.
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Beclomethasone (Vaneril), Flunisolide,and Ciclesonide
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Emergency or long term. Promotes oropharyngeal candidasis. Suppresses adrenal axis in children. High lipid solubility. Take many days or weeks before full effect is reached.
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Corticosteroid for asthma, approved for CHILDREN
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Budesonide (Pulmicort)
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Young nebulizer
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Emergency corticosteroid, administered IV
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Methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol)
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Cromone (prevents antigen induced release of mediators from mast cells by inhibiting influx of Ca2+). Inhibits antigen and COLD- and EXERCISE- induced asthma. Need 4-8 week trial to determine effectiveness.
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Cromolyn (Intal)
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Can be used immediately prior to exercise or exposure to known allergin. Sticks in mouth and gets swallowed, so much of it never makes it to the lungs.
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Cromone. Inhibits activation of resident airway mast cells. Effective after 3-4 days of therapy, and effective as a prophylactic.
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Nedocromil (Tilade)
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Same SE as Cromolyn.
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5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Prevents conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene A4. Attenuates bronchospasm and inflammatory response. Has some unique side effects.
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Zileuton (Zyflo)
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CI in patients with liver disease because it can cause elevations in liver enzymes. Interferes with the metabolism of THEOPHYLLINE, WARFARIN and PROPANOLOL, causing problems in older patients.
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Leukotriene receptor antagonist. Attenuates bronchospasm induced by allergens and non-allergien stimuli. Can be given to kids. Useful in treating allergic rhinitis as well as asthma.
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Montelukast (Singulair)
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Taken orally, long DOA.
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Treatment for asthma. The only muscarinic cholinergic agonist used. Promotes bronchodilation and reduces secretion. Applied locally. Used for long term control, and in patients intolerant to all beta adrenergic agonists.
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Ipratropium (Atrovent)
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Slow onset of action, minimal systemic side effects because less than 1% is absorbed. Nasal form can be used to treat secretion due to spicy foods, cold, allergen and non-allergen induced sniffles.
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Beta adrenergic agonist useful for quick releif of asthma (NOT RHINITIS).
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Isoproterenol (Isuprel, Medihaler-Iso, Vapolso)
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Beta adrenergic sympathomimetics inhibit mast cell release of mediators, increase rate of mucociliary clearance and relax airway smooth muscle.
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Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonist used for treatment of Asthma (NOT RHINITIS)
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Epinephrine (Primatine, Bronkaid)
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Inhaled or SubQ. Nonselective.
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Selective Beta 2 Agonist. Prolonged DOA.
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Albuterol
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Inhalation or Orally. SE: vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, skeletal muscle tremor. REFRACTORINESS that can be counteracted by adding a corticosteroid. May mask progression of disease.
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Selective Beta 2 Agonist with a slow onset but very prolonged action (long term control by inhalation).
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Salmeterol (Serevent)
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REFRACTORINESS that can be counteracted by adding a corticosteroid. SE: vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, skeletal muscle tremor. May mask progression of disease.
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Selective Beta 2 Agonist, enantomer of albuterol, more active biologically, and has fewer SE's.
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Lev-albuterol (Xopenex)
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REFRACTORINESS that can be counteracted by adding a corticosteroid. SE: vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, skeletal muscle tremor. May mask progression of disease.
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Methylxanthine used to block adenosine receptors and cause an increase in mucociliary clearance. Used as a bronchodilator in acute asthma when response to beta adrenergic agonis is inadequate, long term control and for the treatment of recurrent apnea of prematurity or of other COPD.
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Theophylline
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74% of children have adverse SE's! May cause behavioral or learning problems in children. Has a VERY NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX. Can cause cardiac arrhythmias. The dosage must be individualized and titrated over weeks.
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Drug used for Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema. Muscarinic cholinergic ANTAGONIST.
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Tiotropium (Spiriva)
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Long acting, once daily dose.
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H1 receptor antagonist. First generation. Ethanolamine.
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Diphenhydramine (Benedryl)
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Crosses BBB, Crosses Placenta, Sedative, Tolerance, Paradoxical CNS stimulation in children (hyperactive kid).
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H1 receptor antagonist. First generation. Alkylamine.
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Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
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Crosses BBB, Crosses Placenta, Sedative, Tolerance, Paradoxical CNS stimulation in children (hyperactive kid).
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H1 receptor antagonist. First generation. Piperazine.
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Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
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Crosses BBB, Crosses Placenta, Sedative, Tolerance, Paradoxical CNS stimulation in children (hyperactive kid).
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H1 receptor antagonist. First generation. Phenothiazine.
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Promethazine (Phenergan)
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Crosses BBB, Crosses Placenta, Sedative, Tolerance, Paradoxical CNS stimulation in children (hyperactive kid).
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Second Generation H1 receptor antagonist. 3 Prototypes here. One is altered if taken with fruit juice. No sedation, because they DO NOT CROSS THE BBB. Used prophylactically to prevent allergy and anaphylaxis.
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Lortadine (Claritin), Deslortadine (Carinex), and Fexofenadine (Allegra)
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Fexofenadine is altered when taken with fruit juice. Can cause cardiac arrhythmias if patient takes too many. Can also be used to treat motion sickness.
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Alpha Adrenergic Sympathomimetics. Cause contraction of smooth muscle in venous sinuses (i.e. dilation). Prone to induce rebound congestion and Rhinitis Medicamentosa (caused by the medication). 3 Types here.
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Epinephrine (Adrenalin Chloride), Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine HCL), Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, Afrinol).
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Potential for dizziness, tremor, insomnia, irritability, palpitation, hypertension. Less potential for dependence.
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Opioid analgesic antitussive that decreases the sensitivity of the cough center.
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Codeine
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Opioid stereoisomer devoid of analgesic effect used as a centrally acting antitussive.
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Dextromethorphan (Benylin DM)
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Reduces the viscosity of mucus by triggering the vagal reflex. Near emetic doses are required.
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Guaifensin (Robitussin, Mucinex)
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Stimulates secretory activity of the respiratory tract.
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Expectorant with a direct action on the respiratory tract.
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Terpin Hydrate
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Expectorant that has a direct action on all secretory glands.
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Iodide
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Mucolytic
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Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
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Type of drug used for tx of genetic COPD.
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Alpha 1 Proteinase Inhibitor.
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