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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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M/C anatomic site for airway foreign body in adults
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Right main bronchus
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Pathophys for bronchiolitis
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Respiratory syncytial virus (70%)
parainfluenza adenovirus |
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S/S Bronchiolitis
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rhinorrhea, low-grade fever, cough.
progresses to tachypnea, dyspnea, hypoxia, cyanosis retraction. Signs: wheezing, rhonchi, rales. |
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Tx Bronchiolitis
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alleviation of symtoms. in hospital setting: humidified O2, IV fluids, nebulized albuteral.
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Croup:RF? When does it m/c occur (time of year)
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Children 6mo to 3yrs
Fall and early winter |
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Croup Etiology?
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m/c/c parainfluenza virus Type I (75%), though type 3 causes most severe illness.
Also caused by paramyxovirus, influenza V. |
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Name the dz:
Seal like, barking, spasmodic cough, worse at night in 8month old child. |
CROUP (laryngotracheobronchitis)
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Name the dz:
Steeple sign seen on lateral neck film |
CROUP (steeple sign=subglottic narrowing)
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Tx for Croup
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nebulizers immediately (saline/racemic or L epinephrine-vaponefrin), steroids. In rare cases: ICU/intubation
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Name the Dz:
Child 5 yo, drooling, muffled voice, tripod position. Elevated WBC. |
Bacterial Epiglottis
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Xray showing enlarged epiglottis that is thumb-shaped
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Bacterial epiglottis
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M/C etiology Bacterial epiglottis
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H. influenzae type B
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Tx of Bacterial epiglottis
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intubate pt ASAP....secure airway!
Laryngoscopy (OR) to visualize and culture. IV hydration, O2, begin empiric tx w/ cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ceftriazone |
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Define: PPD Converter
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someone who has had a negative skin test in the past and now has a positive skin test.
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You suspect airway FB...how do you attempt to diagnose?
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Plain chest xray
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Airway foreign body: what are the 3 phases of symptoms?
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1.Initial phase: choking/gasping, coughing, airway obstruction at time of aspiration.
2.Asymptomatic phase: subsequent lodging of object w/ relaxation of reflexes that often results in reduction/cessation of symptoms, lasting hours to weeks. 3. Complications phase: foreign body producing erosion or obstruction leading to pneumonia, atelectasis, or abscess. |
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What are the ABG criteria for acute respiratory failure?
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PaO2 <60mmHg
PaCO2 >50mmHg |
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What tests are used to diagnose acute respiratory failure?
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ABG
CXR Echocardiography |
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Give two examples of Inorganic dusts diseases
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Asbestosis, silicosis
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Define status asthmaticus
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severe asthma attack that does not respond to usual therapies, life threatening
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Etiology of status asthmaticus?
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severe bronchospasm: smooth muscles of bronchi suddenly contract and narrow the airways.
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How do you dx status asthmaticus?
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ABG
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Tx of status asthmaticus?
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supplemental O2
IV bronchodilator corticosteroids anticholinergics IV fluids if dehydrated |
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A farmer from Ohio presents w/ symptoms of fever, chills, coughing, chest pain. Upon PE you note tender, red nodules under the skin, distributed over the shins. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the m/c etiological agent for this dx?
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Histoplasmosis,
Histoplasma capsulatum (fungus) |
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What is the TOC for Histoplasmosis?
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Itraconazole 200mg PO QD for 6-12wks
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How do you dx Histoplasmosis?
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Gold standard- Fungal culture (from blood, sputum, or lung tissue)
Also: CXR, CT, bronchoscopy |
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46 yo farmer from Dubois, Iowa presents w/ dry hacking cough that has recently become productive, chest pain, dyspnea, fever, chills, and drenching sweats. Upon PE you notice wart like lesions on the body. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the m/c etiological agent for this diagnosis?
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Blastomycosis
caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis (fungus) |
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What is the TOC for blastomycosis?
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itraconazole: 200-400mg PO QD
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You do a sputum culture and see yeast in broad-based buds...what is most likely diagnosis?
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Blastomycosis
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