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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the physiological roles of the prostaglandins
PGE2 PGI2(Prostacyclin) TXA2(Thromboxane A2) PGF2α |
PGE2
Vasodilator Fever Inducer Cytoprotective agent PGI2(Prostacyclin) Vasodilator Platelet Inhibitor TXA2(Thromboxane A2) Vasoconstrictor Platelet Activator PGF2α Contracts Uterus Lowers Intraocular Pressure |
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How are the cox enzymes activated
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COX1 is always expressed in many tissues
COX-2 is induced by several pathways (such as inflammation) |
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What is the prostaglandin agonist and affect of stimulating the DP receptor
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PGD2
inc in cAMP |
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What is the prostaglandin agonist and affect of stimulating the EP receptors
EP1-4 |
All are stimulated by PGE2
EP1 increases PLC EP2 and EP4 increase cAMP EP3 decreases cAMP |
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What is the prostaglandin agonist and affect of stimulating the FP receptor
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PGF2a
increases PLC |
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What is the prostaglandin agonist and affect of stimulating the IP receptor
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PGI2
inc cAMP |
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What is the prostaglandin agonist and affect of stimulating the TP receptor
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TXA2
inc PLC |
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What role do the lungs play for inactivation of prostaglandins
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Lungs remove PGE2 from the circulation. 95% of E-type PG is removed in one passage through lungs. Enzymatic deactivation by PG reductase and 15-hydroxy PG dehydrogenase.
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What are the clincal uses of PGE2 and PGF2a
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used to ripen the uterus before giving oxytocin to induce labor
Abortions because they can induce labor at any time during pregnancy Mifepristone (prostaglandin inhibitor) and misoprostol are used for abortions |
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What is PGE1 used for in infants
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to maintain a patent ductus arteriosus in conditions such as transpostion of the great vessels
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What is Alprostadil and what are the adverse reactions
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it is PGE1 that is used to maintain ductus arteriosus and cause penile erections
Increased blood flow & oxygenation by vessel relaxation Adverse reactions include fever, flushing, bradycardia or tachycardia, hypotension, and apnea. |
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What is Epoprostenol and what is it used for
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prostacyclin, PGI2
It is a vasodilator used in pulmonary hypertension increase cardiac index and stroke volume and decrease pulmonary vascular resistance, total pulmonary resistance and mean systemic arterial pressure |
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What is Misoprostol and what is it used for
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E-type prostaglandins
They stimulate production of the protective mucin (N-acetylneuraminic acid) in the stomach (protect against gastric ulcers produced by either steroids or NSAID's) |
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what is Latanoprost and what is its clinical use
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PGF2a
treats glaucoma by lowering intraocular pressure. Probably due to increased outflow of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber |
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what is the effect of Zileuton
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Inhibits leukotriene synthesis by inhibiting lipoxygenase
used for asthma |
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what is the effect of Zafirleukast and Montelukast
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Blocks leukotriene receptor-mediated bronchoconstriction
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what are the side effects of leukotriene inhibitors
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headache, abdominal pain, nausea, dyspepsia, myalgia, and generalized pain
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what is the side effect of Zafirleukast
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Churg-Strauss (this is in question because it may have something to do with withdrawl of steroids)
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What are the actions of Cysteinyl leukotrienes
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• Cysteinyl leukotrienes recruit inflammatory cells, leading to epithelial cell damage and initiate further production of
leukotrienes and other inflammatory mediators. • Cysteinyl leukotrienes cause changes in microvascular permeability, which lead to edema and swelling of the airway tissues. • Cysteinyl leukotrienes mediate excess mucus production. • Cysteinyl leukotrienes mediate sustained broncho-constriction,up to 5000 times more potently than histamine. |
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What is the action of LTB4
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Potent chemotactic agent for PMNs.
Promotes PMN adhesion & aggregation. |
