Pulmonary Agents

Front 1

PULMONARY AGENTS
Sympathetic Agonists
Mech of action:

Back 1

drugs that stimulate the beta 2 receptor will cause bronchodilation, due to an increase in cyclic AMP. Those that block the receptor will inhibit this bronchodilation, and may cause bronchoconstriction (depending on what other factors are present). Drugs that are useful in asthma are selective agonists at the B2 adrenergic receptor. Those that are non-selective will also be useful but will have more adverse effects (tachycardia, changes in blood sugar regulation, changes in blood pressure, etc

Front 2

PULMONARY AGENTS
Sympathetic Agonists
List all drugs:

Back 2

A. Albuterol (proventil, Ventolin)
B. Salmterol (Serevent)
C. Formoterol fumerate (foradil)

Front 3

PULMONARY AGENTS
Sympathetic Agonists
Salmterol (Serevent)
Mech:

Back 3

highly selective, inhaled b1 agonist indicated for the long term treatment of asthma and for prevention of bronchospasm in adults with reversible obstructive airway disease

Front 4

PULMONARY AGENTS
Sympathetic Agonists
Salmterol (Serevent)
Caution:

Back 4

not useful in acute asthma attacks as onset is too slow

Front 5

PULMONARY AGENTS
Sympathetic Agonists
Formoterol fumerate (foradil)
Use:

Back 5

prophylactic use only. Not indicated for acute use. Used in conjunction with corticosteroid therapy-not used alone.; parental use for treatment of status asthmaticus

Front 6

PULMONARY AGENTS
Sympathetic Agonists
Formoterol fumerate (foradil)
Adverse.-

Back 6

may produce changes in sleep and behavior

Front 7

PULMONARY AGENTS
Muscarinic Antagonists
Mech of action:

Back 7

Since acetycholine can cause bronchoconstriction, blocking receptors for acetycholine may cause broncholdilation. These drugs are less effective in the therapy of asthma, as the parasympathetic system has less of an effecxt in the lung than the sympathetic system.

Front 8

PULMONARY AGENTS
Muscarinic Antagonists
Iist drug(s)

Back 8

Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

Front 9

PULMONARY AGENTS
Methylxanthines
Mech of action:

Back 9

These are phosphodiesterase inhibitors and raise the level of cAMP, resulting in dilation of bronchioles. This class of drugs includes caffeine and theophylline.

Front 10

PULMONARY AGENTS
Methylxanthines
List all drugs:

Back 10

A. Theophylline ( Theodur,slowbid, slowphyllin, respbid, quibron, theolair, uni-dur)
B. Dyphylline (lufyllin, lufyllin GG (dyphylline with guaifenesin)
C. Oxytriphylline ( Choledyl SA)

Front 11

PULMONARY AGENTS
Corticosteroids
Mech of action:

Back 11

These drugs are glucocorticoids. They decrease inflammation, resulting in decreased swelling of bronchiolar tissue and increased airway space. Taken systemically, steroids cause inhibitory effects on the adrenal gland, and require gradual withdrawal… Decrease the infammatory response by stabilizing mast cells, which secrete histamine, as well as stabilzing intracellular lysosomes, which release toxic substances.

Front 12

PULMONARY AGENTS
Corticosteroids
Metabolized:

Back 12

Liver and may affect liver function. Depending on the amount of mineralcorticoid activity present in the drug, edema of the face and extremities may also be seen.

Front 13

PULMONARY AGENTS
Corticosteroids
List all drugs:

Back 13

A. Beclomethasone (Beclvent, Vanceril, Vanceril DS)
B. Fluticasone (flonase, flovent)
C. Methylprednisolone (medrol)
D. Prednisone (deltazone, Meticorten, Panasol-s, Orasone 1,5,10,20, and 50

Front 14

PULMONARY AGENTS
Corticosteroids
Fluticasone (flonase, flovent) (most potent areosol)
Adverse effects:

Back 14

may cause edema if taken orally.

Front 15

PULMONARY AGENTS
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
Mech of action:

Back 15

these drug inhibi the inflammatory action of leukotrienes. There are presently two drugs available… Inhibits P450 isoenzymes CYP2C( and CYP3A4, so drug interactions are possible

Front 16

PULMONARY AGENTS
Leukotriene Receptor
List drug(s)

Back 16

A. Montelukast (singulair)
B. Zafirlukast ( Accolate)

Front 17

PULMONARY AGENTS
Leukotriene Receptor
Zafirlukast ( Accolate)
Contraindications:

Back 17

food reduces bioavailability by 40%

Front 18

PULMONARY AGENTS
Leukotriene Receptor
Zafirlukast ( Accolate)
Interactions:

Back 18

inhibit’s the P450 isoenzymes CYP2C9 and CYP34 so drug interactions are possible.