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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Passive Transport
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movement of solute through gradient from high concentration to low concentration.
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Active Transport
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requires energy from ATP to move solutes from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. "swimming upstream"
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Osmosis
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Passive movement of fluid from an area with more fluid to one with less fluid
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Osmolality
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A measure of the number of solutes per kg of water.
Normal 275-295 mOsm/kg |
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Serum osmolality
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2(Na) + glucose + BUN
Serum Osmo = 2(Na) Reflects HYDRATION, not volume |
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Isotonic Solutions
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Osmo 275-295 mOsm/L
0.9% NS LR Plasmalyte |
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Hypotonic Solution
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Osmo <275
Water drawn into cells from ECF = swelling of cells 0.45% NS 0.35% NS D5W D 2.5W |
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Hypertonic Solutions
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Osmo > 295
Pulls fluids from IC = cells shrinks * therapeutic to reduce cerebral edema 3% NS 5% NS Albumin |
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Oncotic Pressure
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Pulling force of proteins.
Draws H2O into the vasculature |
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Colloid Oncotic Pressure
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Pulling force exerted by protiens
Albumin "water magnet" Pulls water back into the vasculature, capillary |
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Hydrostatic Pressure
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Forces on fluids and solutes out through the capillary walls into interstitial fluid
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Filtration
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fluid movement between interstitial and vascular space
based on balance between oncotic and hydrostatic pressures |
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Edma Formation
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-increased hydrostatic pressure
-decreased plasma oncotic pressure -increased capillary membrane permeability (d/t infection, lymphatic obstruction) |
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Thirst Process
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-increased EC fluid Osmolality
-drying mucous membranes -stimulates hypothalamus -drink water! |
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Aldosterone
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From Adrenal Medulla
Retains NA and water |
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Antidiuretic Hormone
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ADH "Vasopressin"
Stored in Posterior Pituitary gland in the hypothalamus release is stimulated by low blood volume and increased serum Osmolality cause retention of water |
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Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
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ANP
cardiac hormone increasing bp triggers release of ANP to stop rising bp opposes RAAS |
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Anion Gap
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Norm 3-11 mmol/L
Looks for cause of METABOLIC ACIDOSIS AG = (Na) - (CL+HCO3) |
hi gap >11
-DKA -lactate -salicylate toxicity |
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Conducting airways
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upper airways
-nasopharynx -oropharynx no gas exchange occurs = anatomic dead space |
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Pulmonary compliance
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distensibility of lungs
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Pulmonary Ventilation
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1 cycle if inspiration and expiration
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Minute Ventilation
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how many times you inhale and exhale per minute
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Gas Transport Steps
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1. Ventilation in lungs
2. Diffusion of O2 from alveoli into capillary blood 3. Perfusion of systemic tissues 4. Diffusion of CO2 from tissues to blood and returned to lungs |
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Boyle's Law
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Low pressure = High Volume
High pressure = Low Volume inversely proportionate |
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Haldane Effect
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Removes O2 and attach CO2
Bloods ability to carry CO2 Deoxygenation of blood, increases ability to carry/attache CO2 |
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Charles Law
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Increase Volume = Increase Temp
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Tidal Volume
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Volume of air in 1 normal breath
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume
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Air in excess of tidal inspiration that can be inhaled with maximum effort
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Expiratory Reserve Volume
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Air in excess of tidal expiration that can be exhaled with maximum effort
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Residual Volume
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*Keeps alveoli open after expiratory reserve volume
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SVR
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Systemic Vascular Pressure:
Workload of L side of heart |
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Rocuronium
Dosing--card |
Int. 0.6mg/kg (0.6-1.2)
Inf. 9-12mcg/kg/min |
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