Pulm: Respiratory Development And Histology/cell Biology

Front 1

median plane

Back 1

vertical plane passing longitudinally through the body from front to back dividing the body into right and left halves

Front 2

sagittal plane

Back 2

any plane parallel to the median plane

Front 3

coronal plane

Back 3

vertical plane passing at right angles to the median plane which divided the body into anterior and posterior

Front 4

horizontal plane

Back 4

plane passed through the body parallel to the horizon dividing the body into cranial and caudal parts

Front 5

anterior

Back 5

front

Front 6

posterior

Back 6

back

Front 7

superior

Back 7

near the head

Front 8

inferior

Back 8

nearer to the feet

Front 9

medial

Back 9

nearer to the median plane

Front 10

lateral

Back 10

farther from the median plane

Front 11

proximal

Back 11

nearer to the trunk or point of origin

Front 12

distal

Back 12

farther from the trunk or point of origin

Front 13

superficial

Back 13

nearer to or on the surface

Front 14

deep

Back 14

farther from the surface

Front 15

origin

Back 15

proximal attachment of a muscle

Front 16

insertion

Back 16

distal attachment of a muscle

Front 17

ipsilateral

Back 17

same side of the body

Front 18

contralateral

Back 18

opposite side of the body

Front 19

flexion

Back 19

bending or decreasing the angle between body parts

Front 20

extensions

Back 20

straightening or increasing the angle between body parts

Front 21

abduction

Back 21

moving away from the median plane

Front 22

adduction

Back 22

moving towards the median plane

Front 23

circumduction

Back 23

circular motions combining flexion, extension, abductions and adductions

Front 24

rotation

Back 24

moving around the long axis

Front 25

epithelium of the respiratory system is derived from the

Back 25

endoderm

Front 26

cartilaginous, muscular, blood vessels and connective tissue components of trachea and lungs are derived from

Back 26

splanchnic mesoderm

Front 27

pseudoglandular period

Back 27

branching has continued to form terminal bronchioles
no respiratory bronchioles or alveoli are present

Front 28

pulmonary acini consist of

Back 28

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

Front 29

basal cells of the olfactory epithelium produce

Back 29

neuronal cells throughout life

Front 30

neuronal cells have a lifespan of

Back 30

30-60 days

Front 31

___ extends from basal region and contacts neurons of the olfactory bulb in brain

Back 31

axonal projection

Front 32

oflactory glands secrete_____ containing____

Back 32

a serous fluid containing odorant binding protein

Front 33

the odorant binding protein binds

Back 33

odorand molecules on surface of modified cilia

Front 34

secretions of olfactory glands also contain

Back 34

lysozyme and secretory IGA

Front 35

the trachea contains

Back 35

cartilage

Front 36

once we get to bronchioles, we have

Back 36

no cartilage
smooth muscle

Front 37

type of epithelium

Back 37

pseudostratified columnar cilliated epithelium

Front 38

smooth muscles are arranged ____ on the bronchioles

Back 38

concentrically

Front 39

elastic fibers are arranged -___ on the bronchioles

Back 39

longitudinally

Front 40

clara cells appear in place of

Back 40

goblet cells in the epithelial layer that produce a surfactant material coating the surface of the bronchiolar epithelium and also regulate transport of chloride ions

Front 41

clara cells contain

Back 41

cytoplasmic dense secretory granules, mitochondria, and numberous vesicles representing a smooth endoplasmic reticular network

Front 42

in patients with cystic fibrosis they have a defective or absent

Back 42

CFTR channel which prevents Cl- movement

Front 43

with a defective/absent CFTR, the cell

Back 43

takes up extra Na

Front 44

in response to a defective/absent CFTR the mucus becomes

Back 44

thick and traps bacteria leading to cell destruction because there is less water in the mucus

Front 45

respiratory diverticulum/lung bud is an outgrowth of the

Back 45

endodermal tube (foregut)

Front 46

the epithelium of the respiratory system is derived from the

Back 46

endoderm

Front 47

the mesenchymal(cartilaginous, muscular, blood vessels, and connective tissue for example) comes from

Back 47

splanchnic mesoderm

Front 48

during the pseudoglandular period, what occurs

Back 48

branching has continued to form terminal bronchioles but no respiratory bronchioles or alveoli are present

Front 49

during the canalicular period, what occurs

Back 49

the terminal bronchioles are divided into more respiratory bronchioles which divide into alveolar ducts. the cuboidal cells line the respiratory bronchioles

Front 50

during the terminal sac period, what occurs

Back 50

terminal sacs form and capillaries establish close contact. a blood-air-barrier is formed with surfactant, type i pneumocyte and its basal lamina, and a capillary endothelial cell and its basal lamina- cuboidal cells are thinned and associated with endothelium of blood and capillaries

Front 51

during the alveolar period, what occurs

Back 51

mature alveoli have well-developed epithelial endothelial contacts