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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 questions you should ask when choosing a topic
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1. Does the central idea have logical divisions?
2. Can you think of several reasons the central idea is true? 3. Can you support the central idea with a series of steps? |
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Disposition
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Disposition is the organization and arrangement of ideas and illustrations.
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6 Barriers to effective listening
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1. information overload
2. personal concerns 3. outside distractions 4. prejuidice 5. different speech/thought rate 6. Receiver apprehension |
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What is the only exception to the rule of avoiding false information in a speech? How is this exception ethical?
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One exception is when you give a hypothetical illustration. To maintain his or her ethics the speaker must show that this example is indeed hypothetical and not a real example. This is one way speakers enhance or clarify their main points in a speech
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What are 5 characteristics of an ethical public speaker?
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1. Clear responsible goal
2. Use sound evidence and reasoning 3. Be sensitive to and tolerant of differences 4. Be honest 5. Avoids plagarism. |
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Describe the four stages of good listening.
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1. Select: the act of paying attention to a single signal
2. Attend: Focus on signal 3. Understand: determining validity of message received 4. Remembering: only remember 1/2 of what we hear immediatly after hearing it. After 2 more months, we lose another ½. Ultimately we only retain 25% of actual message. |
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What is "receiver apprehension"? What steps can one take to overcome this listening problem?
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Receiver apprehension occurs when the listening has a fear of misunderstanding the spoke message. Use a tape recorder, try to remember each point or summarize mentally.
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List and describe the four steps involved in active listening?
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1. resort: reorganize disorganized info
2. Rephrase: paraphrase speakers ideas instead of memorizing exact words 3. Repeat: mentally restate key ideas you want to remember |
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List and describe two criteria for evaluating speeches.
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Is it effective? The message should be clear and understandable and achieves intended purpose
Is it ethical? Speaker should tell the truth, gives credit when due and gives new ideas. |
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What is audience adaptation?
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Audience adaptation is the process of ethically using info you’ve gathered when analyzing your audience to help clearly understand your message.
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What are three factors socioeconomic status is based on?
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Income
Occupation Education |
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List and describe four elements of a situational audience analysis.
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Time: time of day and audiences expectation of length
Size: of audience, affects speaking style Location: room arrangement and decor can affect audience Occasion: the mindset of those in a funeral is different than one at an award ceremony. |
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List and briefly explain three guidelines to consider when selecting a speech topic.
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- Consider the audience
- Consider the occasion - Consider yourself |
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What 3 questions should you ask when generating your main ideas?
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1. Does the central idea have logical divisions
2. Can you think of several reasons the central idea is true 3. Can you support your central idea with a series of steps or a chronological progression |
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What is a blueprint?
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Blueprint is the central idea of the speech plus a preview of the main idea.
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What six criteria should you use to evaluate web resources?
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1. Accountability
2. Accuracy 3. Objectivity 4. Date 5. Usability 6. Diversity |
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There are a number of resources available for speakers when preparing for a speech. What are five resources your book discusses? How can they be useful to a public speaker?
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personal knowledge and experience
the Web Library sources Interviews Resources from special interest groups, government and organizations |
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What is a preliminary bibliography?
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It is a list of potential resources to be used in the preparation of a speech. It gives you a starting point of where to research.
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What five research strategies does your book suggest for gatherins support material?
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1. Develop a preliminary bibliography
2. Locate sources 3. Consider the potential usefulness of a source 4. Take notes 5. Identify possible presentation aids |
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Briefly define the following and give an original example for support: brief illustration, extended illustration, hypothetical illustration.
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brief illustration: unelaborated example, usually only 1-2 senteces
extended illustration: a detailed example, more complex with conflict/resolution hypothetical illustration: an example that might happen but that has not actually occurred. |
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What is the difference between definitions by classification and operational definitions? How could each be used in a speech?
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Definition by classification: a dictionary definition. Places term in general class then differentiating from other things in that clase. Use to explain meaning of a term.
Operational definition: statement that shows how something works. Use to specifically tailer explanation to your speech and audience |
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Discuss the difference between a literal and a figurative analogy. Give an example of each.
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Literal: a comparison between two similar things
apple to apple Figurative: a comparison between two essentially dissimilar things that share some common feature on which the comparison depends apple to orange |
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What is the difference between expert testimony and lay testimony? Give an example of each.
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Expert: an opinion offered by someone who is an authority on a certain subject
Lay: An opinion or description offered by a nonexpert who has firsthand experience |
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List and describe 4 types of graphs.
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bar graph: different lengths of bars to represent info
pie graph: circle graph divded into wedges to show distribution Line graph: uses lines and curves to show relationships Picture graphs: uses images/pics to symbolize data |
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Using the hypothetical speech topic, "How to Pack for a Trip," offer examples of the three types of three-dimensional presentation aids your textbook discusses that would be effective in this speech.
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1. Objects-backpack
2. Model - small tent 3. People - bring in park ranger |
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List and briefly explain the tips the textbook offers for developing an effective PowerPoint visual.
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Make visuals simple
Make visuals uified Choose fonts carefully Choose colors carefully Prepare ahead of time |
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What are two tips your text offers to building confidence while you speak?
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Two tips the book gives you is to practice, practice, practice! They also say don’t procrastinate work, know audience and develop a well-organized speech. Also you can use deep breathing techniques, visualize success, and give your self a mental pep-talk. Also the more opportunities you take on in public speaking, the more confident you will be.
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