Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the definition of public health?
|
The combination of sciences, skills, and beliefs that are directed to the maintenance and improvement of the health of the people.
It is community medicine, or the practice of human herd medicine. |
|
|
What is preventive medicine?
|
The branch of medicine that is primarily concerned with preventing physical, mental, and emotional disease and injury, in contrast to treating the sick and injured.
It comprises the same sciences, skills, and attitudes as public health, with an added clinical dimension. |
|
|
What is veterinary public health?
|
The term applied to the diverse activities in which vet skills can be directed to the solution of the problems of health and disease in humans.
This is usually a branch of public health rather than vet med. |
|
|
Defintion of veterinary medicine
|
The field of study concerned with the diseases and health of non-human animals.
|
|
|
Who and when proposed the idea of the first vet school?
|
King Louis XV in 1761 to prevent cattle diseases
|
|
|
What was the first vet school?
|
Royal Veterinary School in Lyon, Versailles (1761)
|
|
|
Who was the director of the 1st vet school?
|
Claude Bourgelat
|
|
|
What is veterinary public health?
|
The term applied to the diverse activities in which vet skills can be directed to the solution of the problems of health and disease in humans.
This is usually a branch of public health rather than vet med. |
|
|
Defintion of veterinary medicine
|
The field of study concerned with the diseases and health of non-human animals.
|
|
|
Who and when proposed the idea of the first vet school?
|
King Louis XV in 1761 to prevent cattle diseases
|
|
|
What was the first vet school?
|
Royal Veterinary School in Lyon, Versailles (1761)
|
|
|
Who was the director of the 1st vet school?
|
Claude Bourgelat
|
|
|
When and where was the 2nd vet school founded?
|
Three years after the 1st school (1761) in Alfort (near Paris)
|
|
|
What is being held this year to celebrate 250 years of veterinary medicine?
|
* World Veterinary Year (organized by VET2011)
*Headquarters in France |
|
|
Where does the World Veterinary Year celebration begin and end?
|
* Began on Jan 24, 2011 in Versailles, France
* Ends in Capetown, South Africa at the 30th World Veterinary Congress (Oct 10-14th) |
|
|
Pope Clement XI instructed Dr. Giovani Maria Lancisi to do what during the 18th century?
|
To devise a disease control method to combat rinderpest.
*In order to put Lancisi's Priniciples into effect, the vet school in Lyon was established |
|
|
The first animal disease that will be eradicated in 18 months from the world?
|
Rinderpest
*Done by the FAO of the United Nations and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) |
|
|
What were the 1st and 2nd diseases that were eradicated as a result of human efforts?
|
1st- Smallpox (1980)
2nd-Rinderpest (18 months to go) |
|
|
What is mean by "One Medicine?"
|
This is the integrated approach of vet and human medicine to prevent and control diseases of animal origin
*The neglected zoonoses should be an important application of the One Health concept |
|
|
The three prominent physicians that were active in early veterinary medicine?
|
Edward Jenner, Robert Koch, and Theobald Smith
|
|
|
The four veterinarians who were active in early public health?
|
Bernard Bang, Daniel Salmon, Albert Johne (also MD), and Gaston Ramon
*Many others |
|
|
Who is the German scientist who studied diseased body tissues of animals and related his findings to those which he found in people?
|
* Rudolph Virchow
*He did important research in TB, rickets, tumors, and trichinosis |
|
|
Who is the Father of Comparative Pathology?
|
* Rudolph Virchow
|
|
|
Who founded the medical teaching hospital at Johns Hopkins University in the late 1800's?
|
* Sir William Osler
*He revealed that vet medicine and human medicine complement each other and should be considered as One Medicine. *He is known as the Father of Medicine |
|
|
Of the 1,407 reconigzed species of human pathogens, what percent are zoonotic?
|
58% (800)
*13% cause emerging and re-emerging diseases |
|
|
What is meant by the "emerging zoonoses?"
|
About 75% of the "new diseases" in humans over the past 10 years originated from animals these are the "emerging zoonoses."
|
|
|
What is the primary public health agency in the state of Texas?
|
Dept.of State Health Services (DSHS)
|
|
|
The two brances of the Dept.of State Health Services which are of the greatest importance to the practicing veterinarian?
|
*Zoonoses Control Branch
*Meat Safety Assurance Unit |
|
|
What does the state law (Texas Health and Safety Code Chapter 81.042) state?
|
Texas veterinarians shall report, after the first profesional encounter, an animal examined that has or is suspected of having a reportable disease to the DSHS
|
|
|
What role does the Meat Safety Assurance Unit play?
|
*Partners with the people, communities, and meat & poultry industries to protect, promote and improve health
*Regulates and enforces public health laws and policies necessary to prevent disease and protect the public's well being. |
|
|
What orginazation is responsible for regulating nuts?
|
FDA
|
|
|
What orginazation is responsible for regulating whole eggs?
|
FDA
|
|
|
What orginazation is responsible for regulating egg products?
|
USDA
|
|
|
What orginazation is responsible for regulating jelly/jam?
|
USDA
|
|
|
What orginazation is responsible for regulating chicken?
|
USDA
|
|
|
Under what conditions do you report a case to the DSHS immediately?
|
o Cases or suspected cases of reportable illnesses considered to be a public health emergencies, outbreaks, exotic diseases, and unusual group expressions of disease must be reported to the local health department or DSHS immediately
|
|
|
Under what conditions do you report a case to the DSHS within one working day?
|
o Other reportable diseases for which there must be a quick public health response must be reported to the local health department or DSHS within one working day
|
|
|
Who does The Texas meat and poultry inspection act apply to?
|
The slaughter and processing of livestock, including: cattle, sheep, swine, goats, equines, poultry, domestic rabbits, exotic animals, domesticated game birds and the edible products derived from their carcasses
*Fish and indigenous wild game are not subject to provisions of the act |
|
|
When and why was the Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) formed?
|
Founded in 1893 to address the Texas fever tick problem
|
|
|
What does the Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) do?
|
*Works to protect the health of all Texas livestock, including: cattle, swine, sheep, goats, poultry, equine family members, and exotic livestock
*Issuing certificates of veterinary inspection, also known as health certificates and passports |
|
|
What agency is responsible for protecting, promoting, and advancing the health and safety of the US often serving on the frontlines in the fight against disease and poor health?
|
US Public Health Service (USPHS)
|
|
|
What do the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) do?
|
Monitors health problems, detects and investigates outbreaks, conducts disease prevention research
|
|
|
What agency is responsible for the safety of the nations domestically produced and imported foods, cosmetics, drugs, biologics (human use only), medical devices, and radiological products?
|
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
|
|
|
Who is the director for the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)?
|
Stephen F. Sundolf
|
|
|
What does the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) do?
|
Responsible for promoting and protecting the publics health by ensuring that the nations food supply is safe, sanitary, wholesome, and honestly labeled and that cosmetic products are safe and properly labeled
|
|
|
Who is the director for the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM)?
|
Bernadette M. Dunham
|
|
|
What does the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) do?
|
*Assists in providing for the health care needs of animals through
*• Approval and post-approval monitoring of safe and effective animal drugs, medical devices for animals, and oversight of animal feeds *• Regulates drugs, devices, and food additives given to, or used on, companion animals, poultry, cattle, swine, and minor animal species |
|
|
What is the USDA public health agency responsible for ensuring that the nation’s commercial supply of meat, catfish, poultry, and egg products are safe, wholesome, and correctly labeled and packaged?
|
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)
|
|
|
What does the Animal and Plant health Inspection Service (APHIS) do?
|
*Protect American agriculture
*Provides leadership in ensuring the health and care of animals and plants *Improves agricultural productivity and competitiveness and contributes to public health and the national economy |
|
|
What are the New Accreditation Requirements?
|
*Category I Accreditation
•Nonregulated Animals (ex: dogs and cats) *Category II Accreditation •Regulated Animals |
|
|
What does the Animal and Plant health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services (VS) do?
|
*Protects and improves the health, quality, and marketability of our nations animals, animal products, and veterinary biologics (vaccines) by preventing, controlling and/or eliminating animal diseases as well as monitoring and promoting animal health and productivity
*Ensures national uniformity of regulatory programs *Relies on accredited veterinarians who act as representatives for the US government |
|
|
What is the voluntary program which certifies private veterinary practitioners to work cooperatively with federal veterinarians and state animal health officials?
|
National Veterinary Accreditation Program
*Accredited veterinarians help to ensure that expected animals will not introduce diseases into other states or countries |
|
|
Who was the guest lecturer who came and spoke?
|
Dr. JAMES WRIGHT (DSHS)
|
|
|
What form of rabies has been eradicated?
|
*Eradicated coyote strain
*Close to eliminating fox strain |
|
|
What are 5 pros of working in public health?
|
*Good health insurance
*Retirement plan *Job security *No issues of owning a practice *Travel |
|
|
What are 2 cons of working in public health?
|
*Minimal animal interaction
*Hard to get a job |
|
|
Who are the rabies experts in the state that help doctors with risk assessment?
|
Zoonosis control branch of state health department
|
|
|
What is zoonoses?
|
Those diseases in nature which are shared among animals and humans
|
|
|
What did Aristoteles write about during the 4th Century?
|
He wrote in the National History of Animals about how a rabid Lyssa dog led to human rabies
|
|
|
In Chinese: rat disease =
|
"Plague"
|
|
|
In the bible: "Plagues" =
|
Anthrax
|
|
|
Who introduced the word “zoonoses” in the 19th century and said there should just be one medicine?
|
Rudolph Virchow, MD
|
|
|
What causes zoonosis?
|
Caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, worms, prions, etc. which are transmitted from animals to humans by direct contact, air, water, contaminated objects, ingestion of contaminated food.
|
|
|
This year (2011) marks the 250th anniversary for what three things?
|
* Veterinary education
* Veterinary profession * Concept of comparative pathobiology |
|
|
Human pathogens that are now not zoonotic?
|
*Pinworms
*Hepatitis A virus *Poliomyelitis viruses *Shigella dysenteriae/sonnei/boydii/flexneri *Smallpox virus *Entamoeba histolytica |
|
|
Animal pathogens that are now not zoonotic?
|
*Canine distemper virus
*Canine hepatitis virus *Canine parvovirus *Feline leukemia virus *Feline immunodeficiency virus *Equine infectious anemia virus |
|
|
What is meant by "Neglected Zoonoses?"
|
*Many of these endemic zoonoses interface between wildlife, livestock, companion animals and humans
*Their symptoms in humans are often shared with other common diseases, and are frequently difficult to correctly diagnose and are poorly reported *Estimates of incidence and burden imposed by neglected zoonoses seldom reflects their real importance so they are neglected and their danger to humans is exaggerated. |
|
|
What % of households in the US own dogs and cats?
|
*37% of households in the US own dogs and about 32% own cats
*Each household owns an average of 1.7 dogs and 2.2 cats |
|
|
How many dogs and cats are there in the US?
|
*60 million dogs and 75 million cats in the US
|
|
|
What % of dogs and cats sleep in the bed with their owners?
|
*Half of the dog owners say they let their dogs sleep on the bed
*62% of cats sleep with adults and 13% with children |
|
|
What is the species that causes cat scratch fever?
|
Pasteurella multocida
|
|
|
Where is Pasteurella multocida found?
|
*Found as part of the normal flora in the oral cavity
*Disease in humans usually occurs following a wound (bite or scratch) inflicted by a dog or more commonly a cat |
|
|
Pasteurella multocida causes skin and subcutaneous infections, what is the incubation period?
|
6-24 hour incubation period
|
|
|
What is the species that causes bubonic plague?
|
Yersinia pestis
|
|
|
Yersinia pestis has poor viability in the environment, what does it need to survive?
|
*Needs animal reservoir and vector to be located in an area
*Destroyed by sunlight |
|
|
How isYersinia pestis transmitted?
|
*Flea bite (78%)- Xenopsylla cheopsis (oriental rat flea) or less commonly Oropsylla montana
*Direct animal contact (20%) *Aerosols (2%) |
|
|
What are some common reservoirs for Yersinia pestis?
|
*Rock squirrels, ground squirrels, prairie dogs, mice, voles, others
|
|
|
What are the 3 types of plague?
|
*Bubonic Plague
*Septicemic Plague *Pneumonic Plague |
|
|
80-90% of cases are what type of plague?
|
Bubonic Plague
|
|
|
What is the incubation time and mortality rate for Bubonic Plague?
|
*Incubation period 2-6 days
*Mortality rate •1-15% with treatment •40-60% untreated |
|
|
What is the mortality rate of systemic plauge?
|
*Mortality rate
•40% with treatment •100% with out treatment |
|
|
What is the incubation period and mortality rate of pneumonic plauge?
|
*Incubation period 1-6 days
*Mortality rate •100% if not treated within 24 hours (if treated survival ~100%) •No vaccine for pneumonic •Bioterrorist agent |
|
|
When did the first case of human plague from a cat occur?
|
*No human cases from cats prior to 1977
*By 1998 there were 23 cases and 5 were fatal |
|
|
Do dog and cats show signs of having plague?
|
*Cats develop severe illness and die
*Dogs rarely show signs |
|
|
What occured during 540-590 AD?
|
*Justinian’s pandemic
*10,000 deaths a day, fall of the Roman Empire |
|
|
What occured during 1346-1400?
|
*1346~1400: Black Death pandemic
*1/3 of European population died, fall of the feudal system |
|
|
Where did the plague hit in 1665?
|
1665: Great Plague of London
|
|
|
When did the plague start to spreadt to the western US?
|
*1899: Hawaii
*From ship rats to sylvatic rodents, spread throughout the western US |
|
|
When and where was the last person-to-person case of plague?
|
*1924: Los Angeles
*32 pneumonic cases, 31 deaths |
|
|
Where is the plague currently established ?
|
*Southwest (87%- Northern New Mexico, Southern Colorado, Nothern Arizona, California)
|
|
|
What was the average cases of plague seen each year between 1925-1964?
|
~2 cases a year
|
|
|
What has been the average cases of plague seen each year since 1970?
|
~ 13 cases a year
|
