Public Health, T#2, P2

Front 1

The practice of “technological imperative” means:

Back 1

the desire to do everything possible.

Front 2

“The single most important health policy choice in the United States over the last four decades has nothing to do with the Department of Health & Human Services, but rather with the ___________ __________ _________!”

Back 2

Internal revenue service

Front 3

Consequences of “Tax-Free” Health Benefits:

Back 3

1. Adverse selection: The private sector covers healthier individuals, leaving the at-risk populations for the government to deal with. (TENNCare)
2. Tying insurance to employment: no work, no insurance

Front 4

The situation where consumers alter their behavior when provided with health insurance.

Back 4

Moral hazard

Front 5

The problem of Moral Hazard

Back 5

1. Health insurance may induce consumers to take fewer precautions to prevent illness; or to shop for the best medical prices.
2. Increase in consumption of health care.
3. Therefore, the availability & extensiveness of health insurance may have a profound effect on health care expenditures.

Front 6

Was the first broad-coverage health insurance in the United States.

Back 6

Worker's compensation

Front 7

Later became compensation for medical expenses, & death benefits for survivors were added.

Back 7

Worker's compensation

Front 8

Was a trial for a government-sponsored health insurance, but private health insurance has prevented a national health care program

Back 8

Worker's compensation

Front 9

Private insurance began as a form of ___________ coverage that provided income during temporary disability due to bodily injury or illness.

Back 9

disability

Front 10

During the _____ medical treatments & hospital care advanced, but medical care also became more expensive.

Back 10

1900's

Front 11

The ________________ made hospitals economically unstable & individuals faced the loss of income from illness & the debt of high health care costs.

Back 11

Great depression

Front 12

In 19__, _______ ______ began a hospital insurance plan for _______ at ___________ ___________ in Dallas, Texas. It became the model for ____ ____ plans around the country.

Back 12

1929
Justin Kimball
teachers
Baylor University
Blue cross

Front 13

The __________ ___________ ___________ supported group hospital plans & coordinated them into a Blue Cross network.

Back 13

American Hospital Association (AHA)

Front 14

First Physician Plan & the Birth of Blue Shield In 19__,

Back 14

1939

Front 15

_________ ________ ________ started the first Blue Shield plan.

Back 15

California Medical Association.

Front 16

n 19__ Blue Cross & Blue Shield merged.

Back 16

1974

Front 17

During _____ _____ ___, employees accepted employer-paid health insurance to compensate for the loss of raises.

Back 17

World war II

Front 18

Congress made employer-provided health coverage ___________.

Back 18

nontaxable

Front 19

The ____ has always been opposed to National Health care because it is perceived as a threat to private practice.

Back 19

AMA

Front 20

Before 19__, private health insurance was the only widely available source of payment for health care, & it was available primarily to middle-class working people & their families.

Back 20

1965

Front 21

Medicare Part A was designed to use Social Security funds to finance __________ _______.

Back 21

hospital bills

Front 22

Medicare Part B was designed to......

Back 22

cover physicians’ bills through government-subsidized insurance.The elderly would pay part of the premiums (Part B).

Front 23

_________ benefits vary from state to state.

Back 23

Medicaid

Front 24

o Medicare has uniform national standards for eligibility & benefits.
It covers anyone over the age of ___.

Back 24

65

Front 25

Despite escalating cost, the original Medicare program was expanded in 19__ to include the disabled receiving Social Security cash benefits.

Back 25

1973

Front 26

In 19__, the program was extended to include people with end-stage _____ disease.

Back 26

1978
Kidney

Front 27

_________ is the largest industry in the US.

Back 27

Health care

Front 28

Health care delivery has been transformed by:

Back 28

1. Technological advances;
2. Emergence of new diseases;
3. Threat of bioterrorism;
4. The rise of chronic disease in the growing elderly population
5.Organizational transformations.

Front 29

In general, health insurance in the US has worked much like either ____ insurance, ________ insurance, or _________ insurance.

Back 29

life insurance, homeowner's insurance,car insurance.

Front 30

Unlike auto liability insurance, which fixes a limit on the amount that the company will pay, health insurance is “_______”

Back 30

"open-ended"

Front 31

Health insurance limitations are often measured by _____ rather than dollar amounts.

Back 31

time (for example: 1 year)

Front 32

Despite the widespread picture of old people who have to chose between food & medical care, fewer than __% of people over 55 are uninsured.

Back 32

10%

Front 33

Almost __ million Americans, including __ million children, lack basic health coverage.

Back 33

39 million
8.4 million

Front 34

The total number of people without health insurance makes up about __% of the total population of the US, but this percentage has historically risen & fallen depending upon the state of the economy.

Back 34

14%

Front 35

According to the _______________, the uninsured are four times more likely to forego needed medical care, to postpone care due to costs & to not fill a prescription.§ Also, they are hospitalized about __ times more often than the insured for avoidable hospital conditions such as pneumonia and uncontrolled diabetes.

Back 35

Universal Health Care 2000 Campaign

50

Front 36

· As health care costs continue to outpace incomes, & the number of uninsured Americans keeps rising, more people are likely to turn to _______________ treatments that are potentially either ineffective or unsafe as they find conventional medical care less affordable.

Back 36

Complementary and alternative medical (CAM)treatments

Front 37

In 19__, Congress enacted ___________ to ensure public access to emergency services regardless of ability to pay. o This Act forbids Medicare-participating from “dumping” patients out of their emergency department.

Back 37

1986

Emergency medical treatment and labor act (EMTALA)

Front 38

Section ____ of the ____ ____ ___ imposes specific obligations on Medicare-participating hospitals that offer emergency services to provide a medical screening examination (MSE) when a request is made for examination or treatment for an emergency medical condition (EMC), including active labor, regardless of an individual's ability to pay.

Back 38

Section 1867

Social security act

Front 39

Medicare has 4 parts:

Back 39

A: hospital
B: medical insurance
C: managed care plans
D: Outpatient Rx drug benefit

Front 40

Medicare Part A is financed by a __% payroll tax paid by both _____ & _________.

Back 40

1.4%

Employees and employers