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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Traditional Models of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
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medical, legal and moral
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Medical model
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what the drugs physically do to your body
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Legal model
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the consequence you suffer because of drug abuse
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moral model
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bad values, sinning, etc
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Underlying framework of course
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attitudinal, interpersonal, political, social, economic
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why course fits a public health model
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-we are concerned about large populations
-problems are preventable -large numbers of people are affected -education part of solution -patterns of drug use are communicable |
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Six basic assumptions
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-drug definition is broad
-not just youth problem -drugs themselves are not good or bad -if drugs eliminated, problems not over -no easy solution -prevention starts with you and me |
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Primary Source
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journal article, editorial review board--methods and data given in order to replicate the study
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Secondary Source
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summary of the primary--textbooks--can't replicate the study. Reorganization of info
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Tertiary Source
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audience not generally professional--newspaper article---very little info given. very summarized for the lay population
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purpose of editorial review board
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experts on subject can concurr that information is accurate
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major problem with tertiary info
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so filtered out for "dumb" people, you get very little information, no author, and too much advertisment
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Correlation vs. Causation
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just because two events are related does not imply one causes the other. corelation: describes the strength of the relationship or association btwn two variables
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retrospective vs. prospective
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looking back, only relying on reports vs. going forward
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testimony vs. research
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testimony--question of quality, often biased, sometimes paid for
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four errors in research
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-sampling--is it large enough
-data collection--are you asking questions people will answer -interpretation- using figures properly, data support conclusion -presentation-misleading people? |
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Cautions on web info
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-no standards of quality
-cocktail party with too much info -commercial site -outdated info |
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epidemiology
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the study of the dynamics and distribution of diseases and conditions in populations
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the three components of epidemiological model
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agent, person, enviroment--related because all interact--it isn't just one thing that aids in problem
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agent
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the drug itself: potency, purity, quantity, route of administration
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person
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internal factors (genetics), external factors(things you have control over..lack of sleep)
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environment
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religious, cultural, physical, legal
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set
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expectations
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setting
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enviroment
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Abstinence
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Absolute position, but no one is truly abstinent--doesn't usually include coffee, meds, food
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Use
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Experienced administration--moderate or occasional
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approved med use
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use as prescribed, report side effects
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appropriate social use
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culturally, religiously, personally
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next steps before marginal abuse
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moderate and frequent, moderate but habitual, use for kicks or thrills
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marginal abuse
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high potential to lead to abuse
-use for kicks, to get high, stress relief, spree use |
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abuse
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no social norm, increasing frequency and amount--thereby increasing tolerance, denial, dependency, change motivation
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drug actions depend on what variables
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set, setting, dose, potency, tolerance, age, physcial condition, route of administration, site/mechanism, presence of other groups
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fastest route of administration
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inhaling--gets there faster, get dependent faster 90% dependent on smoking
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ED 50, TD 50, LD 50
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effective does, toxic dose and lethal dose (50 stands for 50%)
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Effect of depressants
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slow down the CNS (alcohol, barbituates, tranqs narcotics)
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Opiate narcotics effects
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reduce pain, produce sleep ( opium, morphine, heroin)
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barbituate effects
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induce sleep(librium, valium)
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stimulants
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speed up CNS(amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, cocaine)
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amphetamines
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increase alertness, decrease hunger
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hallucinogens
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alter perception
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marijuana
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mild relaxant, medicinal use
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BAC .05-.08
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motor functions impaired, more noisy, talkative, muscle control, judgement and ability to respond
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BAC .09-.15
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hearing, speech and balance
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BAC .12
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often when vomit
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BAC .2
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major blackouts of memory, unonciousness, reflexes impaire
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BAC .3
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difficult to awake, coma state, closer to death
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BAC .35
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surgical anethesia
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BAC .40
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lethal does for 50% of people
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Six General Principles of Drugs
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-drugs have been around for a long time
-drugs can be grouped into four general categories (depress, stim, hall, maryj) -laws passed are not always for health and welfare -governmental efforts often have unanticipated consequences -natural forms tend to be safer than man made -prohibition of any drug will lead to the importation of less bulky, more potent forms |
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Prohibition
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1920-1933, changed drinking patterns, who what and where, temp decrease in cirrhosis of the liver, undermining of legal authority
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Effect of labeling
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1914 old lady usig tonic
1960 inner city black inject 1972 young urban mixing |
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types of stimulants
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amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, nicotine
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state dependent learning
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if using, remember something better if you're in the state that you learned it in
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la guardia
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1939 maryj use related to juvenile delinquency
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india hemp
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no known correlation with diseases
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ledain
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don't penalize for simple possession--decriminalize it
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state of intoxication
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interior state--central part of being human--hunger drive, sex drive
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Effect of labeling
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1914 old lady usig tonic
1960 inner city black inject 1972 young urban mixing |
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types of stimulants
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amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, nicotine
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state dependent learning
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if using, remember something better if you're in the state that you learned it in
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la guardia
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1939 maryj use related to juvenile delinquency
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india hemp
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no known correlation with diseases
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ledain
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don't penalize for simple possession--decriminalize it
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state of intoxication
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interior state--central part of being human--hunger drive, sex drive
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historical figures that described non chemical state of intoxication
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mohammed ali, emily dickenson,
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Time
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altered--speed up or slow down
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perception
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visual changes, touch, hearing, taste changes, smell
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emotion
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enter intoxications looking for serenity, tranquility, peace
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unity
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all things are related to one another in a way that makes sense
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reality
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intense conviction thathis is what life is really all about
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ineffability
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too overwhemling to be expressed in words
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sense of longing
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come out of it with an intense desire to return
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why states important
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because in reality we are all seeking the same types of states, just in different ways
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ways to achieve non chem intox
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fasting, vigils, twirling, water, sex, mature, exertion, music
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Prevention aims
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prevent harm and problems that arise from use--if you just try to control one area, it will move to another
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primary prevention
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promoting optimal health--widespread, universal
-specific answers for specific problems |
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secondary prevention
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-prevent from getting worse early diagnosis, detection, slowing process--early intervention
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tertiary prevention
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reduce complications, rehb, getting back to previous level
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enforcement approach
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4 components- severity, certainty, quickness, community awareness
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environment approach
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availability, responsible hosts, mixed messages, alternatives
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social norms approach
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change how people think
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important to note that can't use just one
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because they all interact
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formal controls
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laws
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informal controls
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doing whats right
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