Public Health Exam 1

Front 1

Case control studies

Back 1

ARE OFTEN AFFECTED BY BIASED RECALL because people are interviewed after they have disease

Front 2

Prospective cohort studies

Back 2

being with disease free persons evaluates their characteristics and then follows them over time to see who develops disease

Front 3

The Framingham heart study in the community of Framingham, Mass. Is an example of a

Back 3

Cohort Study

Front 4

T/F: a clinical trial is a type of experiment

Back 4

True

Front 5

The diet and lifestyle of the Kung people has changed in recent years as follows

Back 5

Diet is now based on corn “mealie Meal” and there is little meat from hunting

Front 6

T/F: Incidence reference to new cases of disease

Back 6

True

Front 7

of the species below which was the oldest

Back 7

Australopithicus africanus

Front 8

T/F: Agriculture developed about 10,000 years ago and had a profound effect by causing many large changes in the genetic structure of human populations

Back 8

False

Front 9

T/F: Wild animal meat has a lower ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fat compared to modern domestic beef, pork, and lamb

Back 9

FALSE

Front 10

What was true about human and their diets 5,000 years ago

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Agriculture had emerged but was still localized

Front 11

Wild animal meat in traditional hunter gatherer diets was about

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4% fat and modern beef 30% fat

Front 12

T/F: A case control study studies people that have a given disease and compares the to a group without the disease

Back 12

TRUE

Front 13

T/F: Incidence references to the number of existing cases of disease observed in a population not the new cases of disease that occur after the study begins

Back 13

FALSE

Front 14

The diet of our paleo ancestors compared to the current US diet was characterized by

Back 14

Greater calcium and Vit C intake.

Front 15

the proportion of the US population that does not meet the US RDA for calcium is

Back 15

Greater than 50%

Front 16

An allele

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may exist in the same form or in two different forms as an individual

Front 17

T/F: Human race is not a biological meaningful because it is based on political and cultural definitions rather than important functional genetic differences between populations

Back 17

TRUE

Front 18

what were the dietary changes brought on by early agriculture compared to earlier periods of hunting and gathering

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increased in plant foods and a decrease in wild game animal foods

Front 19

Phenotype refers to

Back 19

observable physical traits of a person

Front 20

An intron is

Back 20

a region of DNA that does not code for specific AA sequences in a protein and may have a regulatory function.

Front 21

T/F: Chromosomal banding patterns can be used to determine the racial or ethnic origins of a person

Back 21

FALSE

Front 22

T/F: According to the editorial by Purnell and Fair, the major finding in the brian imaginig study was that fructose compared to glucose generated a different brain signal from the hypothalamus in the sensation of fullness and satiety was significantly greater after fructose consumption compared to glucose consumption

Back 22

False

Front 23

T/F: Locus refers to an exact place on chromosome

Back 23

True

Front 24

According to the Cordane article current processed foods and food types that were generally unavailable to humans before the dawn of agriculture account for what % of the total energy intake of present US diets

Back 24

60-80%

Front 25

T/F: The fructose content of sugars in the US increased between 1970 and 2000

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true

Front 26

T/F: Dairy foods from domesticated animals have been common in human diets for the past 50,000 years

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False

Front 27

T/F: Cereal grains were common in the diet of hunter gathers before 10,000 years ago

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False

Front 28

T/F: Refined sugar consumption in England has declined steadily from WWII to today because of successful public health campaigns in England

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False

Front 29

T/F: The GI of milk is less than the GI for breakfast cereal

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True

Front 30

T/F: Higher intakes of n-3 fatty acids have a benefit of reducing inflammation

Back 30

True

Front 31

Cholesterol intake in modern diet is about the same as in prehistoric hunter-gather diets

Back 31

True

Front 32

T/F: Mitochondrial DNA studies indicate that modern homosaphiens sapiens rose from a common female ancestors in Africa around 2 million years ago

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False

Front 33

The Kung! People

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live in Southern Africa and traditionally were hunter-gathers

Front 34

What food item or food group was not commonly available 10, 000 years ago

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Dairy

Front 35

T/F: Pasta and white bread are both refined cereal grain products with a high GI in both

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False

Front 36

T/F: High intakes n-6 FA reduce inflammation

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False

Front 37

T/F: Most adults in the world do not produce lactase

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True

Front 38

Melanin

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protects DNA from UV radiation

Front 39

T/F: Some population in India, Asia and the pacific have skin that is darkly pigmented as African populations

Back 39

True

Front 40

Lactose is

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Disaccharide

Front 41

T/F: Lactase activity in adults cannot be stimulated to level similar to infants if lactose is gradually introduced in the diet

Back 41

True

Front 42

Thin fat baby

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has underdeveloped thin limbs but higher than average abdominal fat

Front 43

Which of the following is not criteria for diagnosing the metabolic syndrome

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narrow waste circumference indicating lack of central body fat deposition and waist <40 inches for men and less than 35 inches for women.

Front 44

T/F: BMI stands for body mass index and is calculated by taking a weight in kg/m2

Back 44

True

Front 45

Insulin resistance refers to

Back 45

reduced ability of cells to respond to insulin resulting in a decreased transport of glucose in two cells.

Front 46

the combination diet in DASH study compared to the control diet had

Back 46

more low fat diary products

Front 47

T/F: The reduction in BP from experimental diets compared to the control diet in the DASH study did not begin until after 2 months of the study

Back 47

False

Front 48

The DASH fruit and veggie diet also included meat

Back 48

True

Front 49

The control diet in the DASH study compared to the combination diet had

Back 49

lower protein

Front 50

What is considered an optimal level of BP?

Back 50

Systolic BP <120

Front 51

What type research design was the DASH study?

Back 51

clinical trial

Front 52

T/F: According to the Hamymsfield and Cefalu editorial a major limitation of using current BMI groups to define groups at high risk of chronic disease is that the normal reference group includes lowest all-cause mortality group of BMI 22-25 and higher mortality risk group of BMI of 18.5-22

Back 52

True

Front 53

T/F: The BMI is nearly perfect predictor of metabolic risks

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False

Front 54

T/F: According Haimymsfield and Cefalu editorial found that compared to persons with normal BMI the risk of death for overweight persons was lower

Back 54

True

Front 55

The fruit and veggie diet in the DASH study compared to the control diet had

Back 55

a similar intake of Ca, and greater level of urinary Ca excretion.