Public Health Cases

Front 1

Infants require at least __ immunisations to pertussis to stop being at risk of severe disease.

Back 1

Infants require at least 2 immunisations to pertussis to stop being at risk of severe disease.

Front 2

What is the overall mortality of pertussis in the general population?

Back 2

0.03%.

Front 3

What is the overall mortality of pertussis in infants?

Back 3

3.5%

Front 4

How is pertussis usually transmitted?

Back 4

Through respiratory droplets.

Front 5

What is the approximate incubation period of pertussis?

Back 5

10 days.

Front 6

When is pertussis most infectious?

Back 6

In the first 2 weeks (it gradually decreases).

Front 7

How long can the cough of pertussis last?

Back 7

It can last up to 3 months.

Front 8

What antibiotic options can be used to treat pertussis?

Back 8

- Azithromycin.
- Clarithromycin.
- Erythromycin.

Front 9

Treatment of pertussis reduces infectivity significantly if taken early enough. How early?

Back 9

Within 21 days of general symptoms or 14 days of cough.

Front 10

You should suspect cases of pertussis that remains infectious for approximately ___ after treatment commences.

Back 10

You should suspect cases of pertussis that remains infectious for approximately 5 days after treatment commences.

Front 11

What groups are recommended in having pertussis prophylaxis vaccination?

Back 11

- Babies < 12 months regardless of vaccination.
- Child 12-24 months with less than 3 doses of pertussis vaccine.
- Any woman in their last month of pregnancy.
- Any child or adult who attend or works in childcare.

Front 12

Infectious Disease notification involves....

Back 12

Diagnosis (confirmed or provisional).

Information:
- Reviewed local public health unit (action taken if required).
- Collated and reviewed at the central office (action taken if required).
- Collated and reviewed at national level (action taken if required).
- International overview by WHO.

Front 13

Why is it important for notification of infectious disease?

Back 13

- Immediate action can be taken to prevent secondary transmission. e.g. meningococcal, measles.
- Monitor trends for planning and policy e.g. Ross River Virus, Hep C.
- Detect clusters or disease outbreaks. e.g. food-borne disease, hepatitis A.
- Knowledge of determinants.
- Review of data at local, state, national and international level.

Front 14

What diseases require IMMEDIATE notification?

Back 14

- Suspected invasive meningococcal disease.
- Suspected invasive haemophilus B infection.
- Dengue fever.
- Food/water borne in 2 or more cases.
- Haemolytis uraemic syndrome.
- Acute flaccid paralysis.
- Acute viral hepatitis.
- Pertussis.
- Suspected measles.
- Diptheria.
- Legionellellosis.
- Lyssavirus.

Front 15

In infants, what non-specific signs may indicate meningococcal meningitis?

Back 15

- Fever.
- Irritability.
- Poor feeding.
- Lethargy.
- Vomiting.
- Fontanelle may be full.

Front 16

In older children, what symptoms would you look for in possible meningococcal meningitis?

Back 16

- Headache.
- Photophobia.

Front 17

What suggestive signs do you look for in meningococcal meningitis?

Back 17

- Neck stiffness (unreliable).
- Kernig's sign.
- Purpuric/petechial rash suggestive of meningococcal septicaemia.

Front 18

What particular sign should you look out for in complicated meningococcal septicaemia?

Back 18

Purpuric/petechial rash.

Front 19

What are the steps to take for severe systemic meningococcal infection?

Back 19

- Immediate transfer of suspected cases to hospital.
- Administration of benzylpenicillin.
- Post-exposure prophylaxis to 'contacts'.

Front 20

How many people are infected by Hepatitis C worlwide?

Back 20

350 million infections worldwide.

Front 21

How is Hepatitis C transmitted?

Back 21

- Transfusion (rare now).
- Reusing injecting equipment.
- Non-sterile skin incision procedure.
- Sharps injuries.
- Mother to baby - approximately 4% of PCR RNA positive mothers will pass on HCV.

Front 22

What percentage of HCV-infected people do not clear the virus and develop chronic Hepatitis C infection?

Back 22

65-85%.

Front 23

What percentage of HCV-infected people clear the virus and continue to carry Hepatitis C antibodies?

Back 23

15-35%.

Front 24

What percentage of Hepatitis C patients with chronic infection may never develop obvious signs or symptoms of illness?

Back 24

20-40%.

Front 25

On average, after 15 years, approximately 40-60% of people with Chronic hepatitis C infection will experience what?

Back 25

Some symptoms and develop some liver damage/injury.

Front 26

On average, after 20-30 years, approximately 7-16% of people with chronic Hepatitis C will develop what?

Back 26

Cirrhosis.

Front 27

Approximately 2-5% of people with cirrhosis from hepatitis C will develop what?

Back 27

Liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma.

Front 28

What percentage of chronic Hepatitis C infected people are asymptomatic?

Back 28

50%.

Front 29

What signs, symptoms and investigation signs would you look out for with hepatitis C infection?

Back 29

- Lethargy, malaise.
- Right upper abdominal pain.
- Liver enzymes fluctuations.
- HCV particles in blood.

Front 30

How is hepatitis C infection treated?

Back 30

Combination therapy: interferon and ribavirin.

Front 31

A sustained response occurs in what percentage of Hepatitis C infected patients using PEG-IFN and RBV?

Back 31

90%.

Front 32

What is the incubation period of the varicella zoster virus in chicken pox?

Back 32

10-21 days.

Front 33

What prodromal symptoms typically occur with chicken pox?

Back 33

- Fever.
- Lethargy.
- Anorexia.

Front 34

What is the pathological course of the lesions associated with chicken pox?

Back 34

Crops of papules that become vesicles and then crust over.

Front 35

What location is chicken pox lesions usually located?

Back 35

It can occur anywhere, but it is most common at:
- Scalp.
- Face.
- Trunk.
- Mouth.
- Conjunctiva.

Front 36

How long does it usually take for chicken pox to fully crust over?

Back 36

10 days.

Front 37

During what periods of the illness is chicken pox infective?

Back 37

2 days before rash and until all lesions have crusted over.

Front 38

How long should children be excluded from school with the chicken pox?

Back 38

At least 5 days after the first eruption.

Front 39

At birth, what immunisations are required?

Back 39

Hepatitis B only.

Front 40

What immunisations are required at 2 months of age?

Back 40

- DTPa IPV (combined).
- Hep B and Hib (combined).
- Pneumococcal.

Front 41

What immunisations are required at 4 months of age?

Back 41

- DTPa IPV (combined).
- Hep B and Hib (combined).
- Pneumococcal.

Front 42

What immunisations are required at 6 months of age?

Back 42

- DTPa IPV (combined).
- Pneumococcal.

Front 43

What immunisations are required at 1 year of age?

Back 43

- MMR.
- Hep B and Hib (combined).
- Meningococcal.

Front 44

What immunisations are required at 18 months of age?

Back 44

Varicella.

Front 45

What immunisations are required at 4 years of age?

Back 45

- DTPa IPV (combined).
- MMR.

Front 46

How many times and when is the rotavirus vaccine administered?

Back 46

Oral vaccine given in 2-3 doses to infants 6-32 weeks.

Front 47

What is the efficacy of the rotavirus vaccine?

Back 47

74%.

Front 48

Is the rotavirus vaccine funded by medicare?

Back 48

It is recommended, but not funded by medicare.

Front 49

How many doses of Gardasil are required?

Back 49

3 - Day 0, 2 months, 6 months.