Public Health Articles

Front 1

Cohen, "The New World of Global Health"

Back 1

- Global health orgs undergoing increasing outside scrutiny and internal soul-searching about what they are actually accomplishing
- AIDS made inequalities between rich and poor moor visible
- GAVI: Bill and Melinda Gates vaccine initiative
- Funding for HIV/AIDS dwarfs funding for other diseases
- PEPFAR is limiting (only gives to certain countries)

Front 2

Piot, "The Global Impact of HIV?AIDS"

Back 2

- Prevalence is increasing in affluent nations due to longer survival
- Survey's what the endemic looks like in different countries. Different set of challenges wherever it is found
*Effective control: unified national planning, access to prevention and care, inclusive social environment for HIV positive people and those most at risk

Front 3

Ainsworth, Breaking the Silence

Back 3

- Disproportionally affects poorer countries, affects most productive members of societies
- Need to focus campaigns that focus on narrow, achievable concentrated goals
*Fewer priorities, greater impact

Front 4

Baker, "Immunization and the American Way: 4 Childhood Vaccines

Back 4

*difference in British and American methodology to immunization
- British: more of a formal clinical methodology. More anti-vaccine resistance

Vaccines
1. Diptheria:
2. Pertussis (Whooping Cough): lots of resistance to implementing vaccines
3. Polio
4. Measles

Front 5

Bedford, "Concerns About Immunization"

Back 5

•It can be argued that immunization has saved more lives from infectious disease than any other public health action, other than efforts to provide clean water
- This assertions stems from a false assumption that the vaccine causes side effects or other health problems. Due to the fact that vaccines are given to children when they are at an age that is particularly susceptible to contracting other diseases, it can be easily misconstrued that the vaccine caused these problems, when in reality it did not

Front 6

Gleissberg, "The Threat of Multidrug Resistance: is Tb Ever Untreatable or Uncontrollable?"

Back 6

- Drug resistance TB: 0 -54% of cases worldwide
- WHO program is aimed at implementation of DOTS
- rarely untreatable in wealthy nations

Front 7

Costello, "Relationships Between Poverty and Psychopathology; A Natural Experiment."

Back 7

- Social Selection/causation - your genetic risk factors for disease are only important if you are experience stress related to poverty
- Study called "The Great Smoky Mountains Study" on rural children - given psychiatric evaluations
- findings favored social causation to disease where, not necessarily the poverty, but the stressors related to poverty put adolescents at a higher risk of mental disease

Front 8

Ommerren, "Mental and Social Health During and After Accute Emergencies: Emerging Consensus?"

Back 8

- debates methods of mental health care programs during and after acute emergencies
- proposes 8 principles of treatment

Front 9

Ramos, "Global Mental Health"

Back 9

- Importance of global epidemiology of psychiatric disorders
- Global Burden of Disease from Mental Health set to rise from 10.5% - 15% in 2020
- Growing treatment gap in wealthy nations

Front 10

Mann, "Medicine and Public Health, Ethics, and Human Rights"

Back 10

- societal factors have been major reasons for health increase over past century
- public health started as a societal movement but has recently been ignoring socio-economic factors that influence health
- needs to focus more on human rights
- human rights related to roles and responsibilities of physicians and other medical workers

Front 11

Henderson, "Bioterrorism as a Public Health Threat"

Back 11

- bioterrorism is more likely now than ever
- how will we respond?
- public health officials are first line in preventing bioterrorism from being devastating
- Right now we are ill-prepared

Front 12

Tilson and Berkowitz, "The Public Health Enterprise, Examining Our 21st Century Policy Challenges"

Back 12

- Why, is the way and the means is so clear, is the public health system still in disarray?
- Assessment, policy development, assurance
- Need to develop basic public health infrastructure in countries
- heightened sensitivity to threats of the 21st century
- need to incorporate all levels of government and control

Front 13

Enserink, "How Devastating Would a Smallpox Attack Really Be?"

Back 13

- Media leads people to believe that a small pox outbreak would be catastrophic
- contrasting evidence
- most health experts do not think it would be as rehabilitating as it is advertised
- Debate over ring vaccination (just giving it to those who may have been exposed to someone with small pox) or mass vaccination

Front 14

Broadhead,"The Impact of a Needle Exchange's Closure"

Back 14

- DHHS released statement saying needle-exchange greatly reduces transmission of HIV without losing the battle against illegal drugs
- Needle exchange in Windham CT but was shut down (no public support)
- ECHO study about the closure of this needle exchange program. Found three things
1. former clients would increase their drug-related risk behavior
2. number of discarded syringes in Windham would not decrease
3. level of illicit drug use in Windham would not decrease