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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Biological model
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scientific model focused on disease diagnosis and treatment of individuals
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Burden of disease
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Burden of disease is a measure used to assess and compare the relative impact different diseases injuries on the populations
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assess and compare impact
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Define "determinants of health"
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Determinants of health is a characteristic that brings about a change in health either better or worse
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Epidemiology
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epidemiology is the study of patterns and causes of diseases in populations
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Life expectancy
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Measure used to describe population health life expectancy. measures how long on average a person is expected to live based on current age and sex-specific death rates.
It is the number of years of life a person born today is expected to live! |
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Morbidity vs mortality
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Morbidity is another term for illness. mobilities are not deaths!
Mortality is another term for death. mortality rate is the number of deaths due to a disease divided by the total population |
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Risk factor
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A variable that potentially increases the susceptibility developing a condition or disease (for example physical inactivity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes)
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Health promotion
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Process of enabling people to take control over those factors that determine health and well-being
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What is public health?
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Public Health is a component of health care that focuses on prevention promotion and protection rather than treatment it focuses on populations rather than individuals it looks at contributing factors that cause illness and injury. A combination of science practical skills and beliefs that is directed to the maintenance of the health of all people. It is one of the efforts organised by society to protect promote and restore the people's health through collective and social actions. |
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Ill health
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Primarily about how an individual experiences disease and disease itself.
It represents a set of signs and symptoms of medically diagnosed pathological abnormalities |
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Health WHO
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A state of complete physical social emotional well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity
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5 Core public health functions/areas in Australia
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1. Health monitoring and surveillance
2. Disease prevention and control 3. Health protection 4. Health promotion 5. Health policy planning and management |
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Public health surveillance
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A continuous and systematic process of collection analysis interpretation and dissemination of descriptive information of monitoring health problems.
data can be obtained from births and deaths registries, notifiable disease reporting hospital discharge systems cancer and birth defects registries |
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Public health surveillance
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A continuous and systematic process of collection analysis interpretation and dissemination of descriptive information of monitoring health problems.
data can be obtained from births and deaths registries, notifiable disease reporting hospital discharge systems cancer and birth defects registries |
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Examples in public health areas
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Public health surveillance - systematic collection, analysis, interpretation dissemination of descriptive information obtained from e.g. births/deaths records, notifiable disease reporting, hospital discharge systems to monitor health problems.
Disease prevention and control - surveillance house education immunization and cancer screening Health promotion and health protection - occupational health and safety, physical activity, nutrition maternal and child health, tobacco, drugs and alcohol and injury prevention Health policy, planning and management - epidemiology , evaluation research workforce development, clinical guidelines |
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Common Public health themes
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At the heart of public health practice, are the following themes:
1. Collaborative practice across all sectors ( intersectoral collaboration - government, housing, transport, etc. 2. Multidisciplinary approaches - allied health professionals 3. Enabling partnerships 4. Reducing inequality 5. Enhancing political support for public health policy |
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History of Public Health -
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1842 - Edwin Chadwick publishes the Sentry conditions of the labor and population of Great Britain and argues for improvements to sanitation health needed public action
1848 - the Public Health Act in the UK linked to the Industrial Revolution 1854 Jon Snow convince authorities to remove the handle of the Broad Street water pump as he believes it is the link to the cholera outbreak 1860 s - Louis Pasteur pasteurization and Florence Nightingale emphasize the need for specialist training for public health nurses 1884 - Robert koch discovered etiology anthrax and cholera. Nobel Prize for identifying cause of TB consumption. Joseph Lister - British surgeon introduced the concept of anti sepsis - washing hands and surgical instruments. use of disinfectant in surgery and germ theory |
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John Snow
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http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=XCQbi8zzrkc
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Biomedical model
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Emphasis on individuals
No minimum personal responsibility Focus on curative dimension Diagnosis and treatment of syndromes and diseases affecting visical conditions of an individual - some extension to mental health / social problems Benefits to individuals is supreme expensive Creates dependency Highly technocentric Maximize chances of best possible outcome Basic science inputs are narrow and focused High Commercialization Ultimate goals is to read the individual from suffering |
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Public health model
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Emphasis on the population
The person is responsible for organizing and influencing societal and political forces Focus on preventative dimension Reduction of risk factors for physical diseases as well as mental and social problems Greatest good for the greatest number Impressive especially in terms of investments per person Realize of people and indigenous technologies - mosquito nets, malaria liberating seeks to minimize the chance that the worst possible outcome will occur Basic science inputs are broader Low commercialization Ultimate school is social justice |
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Old public health
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Old public health
involved the recognition of lifestyle diseases as influencing health. Influence of some infectious disease environmental health was also emphasized population health and intervention included: epidemiological studies applying the social determinants of health strategies that focus on factors impacting health of individuals rather than communities acknowledging influence of environment and relationship to health and wellbeing |
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Australia's 9 public health areas
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AUSTRALIAN 9 PUBLIC HEALTH AREAS
Asthma Arthritis & Musculoscoletal Cancer control CVD health Type 2 diabetes Obesity Injury prevention and Control Dementia Mental Health They were idenitified because: Contribute significantly to burden of disease in Australia Chronic disease is leading cause of death and disability in Australia (morbidity and mortality) Require higher use of health care services costing large sums of money In most instances conditions are preventable Account for 77% of all underlying causes of death |
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