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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Know the purpose of the “This is Public Health Campaign.”
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to increase awareness, let people know what public health is, how it affects them on a daily basis, we are only as healthy as the world we live in
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Which word is most synonymous with public health
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prevention
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James Lind
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Conqueror of Scurvy: conducted study on sailors, when citrus fruits are added to their diets they didn’t contract scurvy
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Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis
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In 1840s, discovered the cause of high maternal mortality rates: advocated hand-washing, used a chlorine & lime solution
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Edward Jenner:
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Father of Immunizations”, observed that milkmaids who got cowpox did not later get smallpox, experimented with inoculating small boy with cowpox
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-John Snow
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“Father of Epidemiology”, studied the London Cholera epidemics of 1848 & 1854, suspected it was from the water, as most cases were found close to the Broad Street pump
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Lemuel Shattuck
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Father of American public health, published first report in 1850 on sanitation and public health
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Sir Edwin Chadwick:
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British reformer who worked to amend the “Poor Laws” and provide sanitary conditions to everyone
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-Upton Sinclair
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American Journalist who wrote “The Jungle”, which exposed unsanitary practices in meatpacking industry, led Pres. Roosevelt to establish the FDA
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Know the 4 public health emphases.
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Health Promotion, Health Science, Environmental/Occupational Health, Epidemiology
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What is the definition of public health?
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Public Health: “…the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting better health through organized efforts…to enable every citizen to realize his birthright of health and longevity” --C.E.A. Winslow (1920)
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Understand the Miasma theory of disease and what new theory replaced it.
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In the Miasma theory, diseases were caused by ‘bad air’ or something present in the air that was foul or poisonous. Theory of germs replaced it.
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Which disease was first mitigated via quarantine?
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Leprosy
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Know the three most popular CDC publications.
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
EID: Emerging Infectious Diseases PCD: Preventing Chronic Diseases |
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What effect does lack of control have on the body
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increased stress - cortisol levels
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Be able to identify examples of social determinants of health.
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the house/neighborhood you live in, occupation, social class, health care, resources available
NOT things in the environment. That's environmental determinants. |
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Define the terms: Health Equity, social inequalities and the causes associated with each.
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Eliminating health disparities across social classes
Disparities in health among social classes - ie higher rates of diabetes in lower classes (linked to poor diet) |
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Understand what the epidemiological calculation excess death measures
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Excess death is a measure of prediction of death at what degree of suffering
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Identify Sir Michael Marmot’s public health contributions. (Specifically what landmark paper he published.)
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Social determinants of health
The Whitehall study |
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The wealth of the top 1% is greater than the wealth of the bottom 99% combined.
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sdg
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Be able to identify specific barriers to health care access. (i.e. simulation exercise)
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transportation, no money, embarrassed, language, misinformation, lack of resources
anything that stops you from getting necessary medical help |
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Know the meaning of acculturation.
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The degree that one adopts the local culture
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Know the 10 Essential Public Health Services.
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1. Monitor health status to identify community health problems
2. Diagnose and investigate health problems & hazards in the community 3. Inform, educate & empower people about health issues 4. Mobilize community partnerships to identify & solve health problems 5. Develop policies & plans that support individual & community health efforts 6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety 7. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care where it is otherwise unavailable 8. Assure a competent public health and personal health care workforce 9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of personal and population-based health services 10. Research for new insights & innovative solutions to health problems |
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Know the 10 Greatest Public Health achievements from 1990-1999.
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1. Vaccination
2. Motor-vehicle safety 3. Safer workplaces 4. Control of infectious diseases 5. Decrease in death from coronary heart disease and stroke 6. Safer, healthier foods 7. Healthier mothers and babies 8. Family planning 9. Fluoridation of drinking water 10. Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard |
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Based on the reading, know where each demographic spends the largest portion of their money.
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Poor spend more for food at home
Housing is the same but utilities are way more for the poor Poor spend more on health care Rich save for retirement |
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Know the foundation health measures based on the Healthy People 2020 report.
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General health status
Quality of life Determinants of health |
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Understand the purpose of an epidemic curve and which 2 variables are used to plot the graph.
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shows progression of an outbreak over time; date of illness onset and number of persons
time is on the x axis, number of cases by time |
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Know the definition of epidemiology and the meaning of each component of the definition. (i.e. distribution, prevention)
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Epidemiology: study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events in human populations, and the application of this study to prevent and control health problems.
- Distribution: pattern (where are people getting sick?); frequency (how many people are getting sick? - Determinants: an influencing or determining element or factor; causes of disease - Health-related states: illness, birth defects, heart disease, malaria; wellness, physical activity, balanced nutrition; medical usage or screening for cancer; injury or occupational/environmental exposure - Human population: entire human race, racial groups, gender groups, religious groups, geographic groups, age groups - Application: putting what we learn to use Prevent: keep disease or illness from occurring - VACCINES Control: minimize occurrence and impact of disease or illness already occurring - QUARANTINE |
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Understand Rothman’s causal pies and how this model relates the prediction of disease causation. Understand the difference between necessary component and component causes.
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whatever letter is on all of the pies is the necessary factor, the other letters are component factors (ex: if pie 1 is abcd and pie 2 is almn, A is necessary, the other letters are component.)
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Epidemiology focused on what disease category in the past? In recent history the focus has shifted toward another disease category.
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Past: focused on infectious diseases, shift towards chronic
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Identify Pierre Charles contribution to public health.
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Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis was a French physician. His numerical method was quite new to medical practice, no one had ever before counted cases, examined the pathological lesions they had, and classified the outcome of the treatments in such detail. Louis's statistical analysis of a series of cases of typhoid included evidence enabling him to distinguish it from typhus, and in fact he gave typhoid its name. He is recognized as the founding father of modern medical statistics. Bloodletting is bad for patients
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Understand how the Rely tampon analogy relates the epidemiology’s public health contributions.
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The tampon, after left in for too long, gave many girls Toxic Shock Syndrome. The toxin was from the staphylococcus aureus. They had to identify that which girls had the problem. The conclusion was that they all used the same Rely product.
27 |
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Know some of the skills that were used in the Watersedge activity. (i.e. collaboration, mapping)
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Interviewing patients, map where they have been and what/where they ate, visit suspect site, collect samples, read current news/events, collaboration, etc.
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Know the unintended consequences of the current healthcare system.
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- Duplication
- Lack of evaluation - Diversion - Erosion of capacity |
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Understand the components of the blueprint strategy, specifically which components it disconnects.
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education and action
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Identify the trend of antibiotics in the developing world and the associated repercussions.
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overuse of antibiotics causing antibiotic resistance
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Know Health promotion’s focus in relation to public health.
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health education
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Know which techniques health promotion uses to mitigate disease.
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behavior change, policy development., community mobilization
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Be able to identify the health effects of breastfeeding.
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Beneficial for health of the mother and the baby
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Understand how the findings from The New Normal defined “normal.” (i.e. was “normal” different for different demographics?)
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“Normal” is based more on appearance than actual weight
-different for different demographics; it is different for everyone |
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Know which group had the most significant impact on girls’ health.
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mothers
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Understand the defining factors of positive body image.
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A Clear, true perception of your shape,
Refusing to spend an unreasonable time worrying about food, calories & weight Feel confident in your body Being physically active Proud of your body |
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Know the four major findings from The New Normal.
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1. Aspiring to be “Normal Healthy”
2. Emotional Health is Central 3. Tension Between Health Awareness and Behavior 4. Influential Roles of Mothers |
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Be able to identify Health Promotion efforts based on the examples from the lecture.
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The Dove advertisement for real beauty shows that we need to Stop displaying women as sex objects through the media
We need to change our ideas of Body Image Mothers need to be more aware of the effect they have on their daughters when it comes to weight |
