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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a group of individuals with a specific disease which are very similar in their time and place or occurrence or both
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cluster
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the specific cause of a disease in a population
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ethology
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the average or normal number of cases of a disease in a certain population
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endemic
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the level of disease in a certain population that exceeds the endemic level
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epidemic
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to contact or possess a characteristic which is believed to influence the risk of acquiring a specific disease
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exposure
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an inanimate object that may carry a pathogen
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fomite
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resistance to disease
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immunity
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the body produces its own antibodies naturally; long lasting
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natural active immunity
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the body does not produce its own antibodies; short lasting
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passive immunity
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the passage of antibodies from the mother to a baby for about the first 6 months of the baby's life; rich source of antibodies
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natural passive immunity
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the introduction of an antigen that causes the formation of antibodies. these are called inoculation (polio)
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artificial active immunity
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antibodies from another person or animal that are injected into a human (uterus)
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artificial passive immunity
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total number of new car of a disease measured within a calendar year
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incidence rate
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the time between contact and demonstration of clinical evidence that a disease is present
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incubation period
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state of illness
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morbidity
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number of people that are ill
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morbidity rate
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death rate
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mortality
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number of people who are dead
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mortality rate
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the probability that an event will occur during a specific time frame
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risk
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an ongoing observation of a population used to direct any rapid changes of occurrence of specific disease
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surveillance
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the probability of remaining alive for a specific amount of time after having been diagnosed with a particular disease
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survival
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no specific resistance to a disease
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susceptibility
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the extent to which a study correctly represents the characteristics of interest
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validity
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the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism (aids)
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virulence
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statistical application pertaining to the vital facts of human existence
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vital statistics
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birth rate
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per 1000 of population
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death rate
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per 1000 of population
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number of deaths of a specific cause per 100,000 of population
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specific mortality rate
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single most important factor showing the health of a community. it correlates closely to the availability of housing, pure water, literacy, and the ability to achieve economic development
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infant mortality
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US is what number in infant mortality rates and ranks in 1991
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24
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____ spread is transmission of an infectious agent by an animate object
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vector
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factor is resistance
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normal bacteria flora
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climate, temperature, and moisture
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physical factors
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epidemics or outbreaks of disease occur when the proportion of susceptible individual is __________ and increases as the proportion of immune individuals ________
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high, decreases
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disease _________ requires the total annihilation of the agent so the epidemiological triangle will never occur
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eradication
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hen investigating an epidemic the distribution of cases is not characterized by?
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variable of person
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_________ is the expression of the relationship of one part to a whole
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ratio
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measures the rate of births
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natality
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T OR F : the purpose of an investigation is to describe the when and where a disease outbreak occurs?
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FALSE
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the extent to which a study correctly represents the characteristic of interest
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validity
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in 1348, the human race came close to extinction due to what disease
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bubonic plague
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T OR F: in 1987, the will vs AMA ruling stated that the AMA and its co-conspirators did not conspire to viciously discredit, malign, and restrict expansion of chiropractic
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FALSE
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T OR F: Pasteurization is heating or an organic fluid to a temperature to above its boiling point?
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FALSE
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who was the individual who first used ether in an operation
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crawford w. long
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definition of health according to the WHO
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a state of omelet physical, mental, and social well being
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trained to indentify and prevent diseases
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medical doctor
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trained to identify and treat disease in a given population
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epidemiologist
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T OR F
reservoir is a host where a biological agent cannot propagate |
FALSE
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one part of the epidemiological triangle
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susceptible host
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author of the hippocratic oath
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pythagorean
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one of the co-fthers of modern bacteriology
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louis pasteur
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one of the most important epidemiological factors in determining what disease a person requires
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age
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T OR F:
epidemic curves describe the distribution of cases during long periods of time and can be helpful in determining the source of infection and its mode of transmission |
false
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used to determine the relative importance of dying from a specific disease, in relation to all causes of death in a population
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PMR
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T or F:
during the investigation of an epidemic, one must not ignore the laboratory data if it does not support the epidemiological data |
false
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what causes the death of bacteria
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bactericidal
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the proportion of individuals inna given population which develop a disease doing a specific time period
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attack rate
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antibodies from another person or animal that are injected into a human are an example of
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artificial passive immunity
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the total number of cases of disease both old and new
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prevalence rate
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specific mortality rate is measured in ______ per population
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100,000
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to contact or posses a characteristic that is believed to influence the iso of acquiring a specific disease
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exposure
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greek influences on public health
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high level of medicine, public baths and sewer systems, first census was taken
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part of the christian church influence on public health
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most lay healers were women, mortification became ideology, prayer was the only cure
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part of the dark ages influence on public health
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garbage collection discontinued, perfume and cologne became popular, diets were poor in vitamins
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who developed the germ theory of disease
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girolamo francastoro
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called the father of modern pathlogy
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rudolf virchow
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the man who wrote "if any organ is deficiently supplied with nervous energy or of blood, its function immediately, and sooner or later its strutter, becomes derngd"?
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j. evans ridore
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the person who used phenol ad disinfectant in surgery
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joseph lister
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the individual who is given credit for naming chiropractic from the greek
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samuel weed
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who was the physician who uses killed polio virus to make a vaccine
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jona edward salk
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what type of prevention is the early detection and proper treatment of disease
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secondary
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agency responsible for milk and milk products
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USDA
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agency responsible for compiling statistics on mortality and morbidity and also keeping track on epidermics
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CDC
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agency responsible for water purity and hazardous waste
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EPA
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performed by a public health agency
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assessment
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T OR F:
an epidemiologist studies the variables of a disease within a laboratory setting working with one variable at time while a basic scientist studied disease within the population |
false
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viruses are encapsulated ________ which are to treat and cause destruction of cells resulting in __________ damage
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genetic material of DNA, hard, permanent
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T OR F
clinical cases are symptomatic individuals that seek medical attention |
true
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classification of a carrier
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subclinical
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portal of exit
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alimentary tract
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modern acupuncture can be traced to
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chinese emperor huang-ti
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greek physician dissects cadavers, asclepius is named god of healing in greece, snake and staff become symbol, hippocrates noted relationship between diet and health
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hellenistic contributions to medicine
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founderof egyptian medicine
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imhotep
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malpractice=hands get cut off
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code of hammursbi
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establish brain as center of intrllect
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535 greek intellect
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god of healing in greece
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asclepius
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relationship between diet and health and spinal manipulation method
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hippocrates
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wrote hippocratic oath
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pythagorean
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spinal manipultion (C7) helps weakened hand
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Galen
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public baths/census/garbage pickup/water and sewer/ bathing
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romans outlawed
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disease is caused by sin in
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dark ages
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most healers are
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women in dark ages
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black death/ black plague killed 75 million
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1348 big disease
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first quarantine set up in
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yugoslavia
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father of surgery/ use manipulation of vineyard workers
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ambrosie pare
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kills aztecs cortez takes over
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1520 small pox
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epidemic dx caused by spores-germ theory
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giralomfrancastoro
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first person to see sperm and rbc
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antoni van leeuwenhoek
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father of pathology/ door sylph during life with autopsy
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giovanni morgagni
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hypnonsis to cure dx
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franz mesmer
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core between scrotal cancer and chimney sweeps
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percival potts
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1st small pox vaccine; using weakened cow pox
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edward jenner
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wrote and lead to the dev. Gen. board of health in england
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edwin chadwick
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1st perform surgery under general anethersia
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crawford w. long
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nevous energy of any orga is def. supp w. nerve or blood
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j. evens riadore
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dd palmer was born in
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1845
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hand washing/savior of mothers
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igna semmelweis
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heat just below boiling point to kill bacteria
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louis pasteur
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father of epidemiology/adopt hygienic and anesthesia
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john snow
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sterile surgery coined words: asepsis and antisepsis
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joseph lister
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father of modern path/ cell org from another cell
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rudolf virchow
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bj palmer born in
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1882
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x rays
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wilhelm rontgen
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created term chiropractic
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rev. samueal weed
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yellow fever transmitted from mosquito
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walter reed
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penicillin
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sir alexander fleming
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polio vaccine (inactive dead virus)
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jonas salk
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oral polio vaccine (live virus)
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albert sabin
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notifiabe dx's
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CDC
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fasted growing infection dx
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lyme dx
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CDC records AIDS
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1981
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