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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An illness that comes from certain source that is effecting community/region |
Epidemic |
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A worldwide epidemic |
Pandemic |
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Endemic |
Habitual presence of a disease within a given geographic area |
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Preclinical Disease |
Disease not yet clinically apparent but destined to become so |
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Disease not clinically apparent and will not ever be |
Subclinical Disease |
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Infection persisting for years. Manifestation of symptoms years after believing they "shook it" |
Persistent (Chronic) Disease |
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Latent Disease |
Only genetic message of infection is present in host not viable organism |
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Common-vehicle Exposure |
When all cases that develop were in persons exposed to the item (food) in question |
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The epidemiological picture that is manifested depends on whether the exposure is? |
1. Single (Exposed once) 2. Multiple (Exposed multiple times) 3. Periodic (Exposed intermittently) 4. Continuous (Exposed constantly) |
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Resistance of a group of people to a disease attack where large portion of group are immune |
Herd Immunity |
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Interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness |
Incubation Period |
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This is useful for comparing risk of disease in groups with different exposures. What is it? Number of people at risk in whom a certain illness develops _________________________________________________ Total Number of people at risk |
Attack Rate |
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When confronted with several possible causal agents what is a very helpful method for determining the agents? |
Cross-tabulation |
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Which of the following is characteristic of a single-exposure, common-vehicle outbreak? -Increasing severity with increasing age -Frequent secondary cases -Explosive -Cases include both, exposed and unexposed people |
Explosive |
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What is the Validity of a test? |
Defined as its ability to distinguish between who has a disease and who doesn't |
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Defined as the ability of the test to identify correctly those who HAVE the disease |
Sensitivity |
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Defined as the ability of the test to identify correctly those who DON'T have the disease |
Specificity |
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Primary Prevention |
Preventing the initial development of a disease |
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Early detection of existing disease to reduce severity and complications |
Secondary Prevention |
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What type of prevention are Immunizations? |
Primary |
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What type of prevention is rehabilitation for a stroke? |
Tertiary |
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Tertiary Prevention |
Reducing the impact of the disease |
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Screening for cancer is an example of what type of prevention? |
Secondary |
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What profession did John Snow hold and why was he interested in cholera? |
"father of epidemiology" Anesthesiologist. 600 ppl living within a few blocks died of cholera |
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How did John Snow conduct his cholera study? |
"Shoe-leather epidemiology" Going from house to house determining which company supplied water to each house Observational Data |
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What was the source of cholera? |
Transmitted through contaminated water |
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Outcome of John Snow's cholera findings? |
Southwark & Vauxhaull Company 315 per 10,000 houses sick Lambeth Company 38 per 10,000 houses sick |
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When a disease is transmitted from person to person what type of transmission is it? |
Direct |
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What makes up the Epidemiological Triad? |
Host - human Agent - infection Environment- promotes exposure Vector- Mosquito/deer tick |
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If association exists between the incidence of a disease and a certain genetical characteristic... |
Genetic factors will explain at least some disease cases |
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What can you conclude when incidence rates and mortality rates are similar? |
That the disease is HIGHLY fatal and has SHORT DURATION |
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What rates are used to control effects of age differences in comparing death? |
Age-adjusted death rates |
