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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Federal budget
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federal budget shapes national economy.
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How do federal budget and national govt work together
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Budget embodies fundamental political choices:
Values: which programs get funded and which do not Institutions: relative sway of the executive and legislative branches |
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top down budget
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each government’s executive sets broad targets for overall spending and revenues.
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bottom up budget
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Central theory is incrementalism.
Incrementalism (Aaron Wildavsky): officials do, and should, ask for a fair-share increment over the agency’s base; these increments reflect the agency’s share of changes in the budgetary pie. |
Incrementalism assumes
No one really considers the whole budget Political battles focus on the size of the agency’s increment Political battles focus on the increment’s size compared with those received by other agencies |
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0 base budgeting
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Zero-base budgeting (ZBB): Carter administration; budgeters began from a certain level of spending, assembled decision packages, and ranked them.
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who has controllled the federal budget at different points in time
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Congress responsible for the budget until the end of World War I
Budget and Accounting Act of 1921: revolutionized federal budgeting; for the first time the president was to submit an annual budget to Congress |
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Who proposes budget
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look up (pres, commitees
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who authorizes budgets
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Congress sets budget totals.
Legislative budget: for the first time, Congress would prepare an estimate of total expenditures, revenues, and the deficit. Congress authorizes the programs and appropriates the money.Budget authority: appropriations committees in each house decide how much money should be spent. |
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Budget Reform: Biennial budget
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look up
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fiscal policy
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political policy with regard to the budget
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National Debt
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Debt: deficit accumulated over time constitutes national debt
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Monetary policy
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the Federal Reserve’s management of the money supply
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Appropriation
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commit money for spending. congress is responsible for the appropriations process (authorizations-create programs and put limits on budgets and appropriations
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executive impoundment
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refusal by the president to spend money appropriated by Congress; practiced excessively by Nixon
(limited in 1971) |
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B' Okey
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who is he?
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P.A.R.T
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Performance Assessment Rating Tool: George W. Bush administration; sought to integrate measures of agency performance with budgetary decisions.
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Congressional Budget Office
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look up
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Office of management
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look up
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Chapter 13
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beginning of chapter 13 flashcards
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economic regulations
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one type of government regulation; began in the states, started in the federal government in 1887
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Social regulations (compare and contrast to economic)
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Social regulation: other type of government regulation; grew in the 1960s and 1970s; focuses on quality of life
Attempts to safeguard the environment; protect workers’ health and safety; assure the safety and quality of consumer products; and prohibit discrimination on grounds of race, color, sex, age, or disability |
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Know the role of state and local govt in budgeting process
(except question) |
Can be substantially autonomous, without involvement of the federal government
Can also be used to administer national regulatory programs Partial preemption: Congress centralizes policy formulation but shares policy implementation with the states |
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know how the ports regulate regulatory system
(except question) |
look up
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cost benefit analysis
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look up
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risk assessment
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lookup
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Anti- trust laws
(what are they) |
Antitrust laws: attempts to assure competition by preventing monopolies and unfair methods of competition; embrace all industries in which these problems occur
linked to economic relations |
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cost reduction
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look up
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regulatory administration
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look up
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US govt regulations
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look up
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administrative rule making
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look up
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Regulations and citizens private behavior
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look up
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largest class action law suit
(and who did it hit) |
Walmart
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Chapter 14
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Chapter 14
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congressional oversight
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much of what Congress does is oversight, yet the activity tends to rank low among congressional priorities.
Many congressional actions involve some form of supervision of administrative actions. Yet reelection takes priority over routine oversight. |
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oversight management
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look up
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impediments to effective oversight
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reelection takes priority over routine oversightSecrecy: particularly with conduct of foreign affairs, the planning of military strategy and tactics, and pursuit of intelligence activities.
Excessive security classification Can deny Congress information that has no valid claim to secrecy or confidentiality Can withhold information from Congress that, though secret, is essential to congressional decision making and oversight |
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standing committee
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look up
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authorizing committee
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Authorizing committees: regular legislative committees; because they prepare the laws that authorize programs, they have oversight responsibility to review administration of laws within their jurisdictions
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excessive classification
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look up
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G.A.O and its role
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Government accountability officeGAO audits the expenditures of executive-branch agencies. GAO’s powers have expanded and GAO has become an all-purpose, external control agent.
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types of reports that come out of G.A.O
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look up
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how are P.A held responsible
(monitoring and compliance) |
look up
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administrative confidentiality
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look up
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legislative review
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legislative oversight Authorizing committees: regular legislative committees; because they prepare the laws that authorize programs, they have oversight responsibility to review administration of laws within their jurisdictions
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appropriations committee
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look up
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govt operation committee
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look up
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executive privilege
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Executive privilege: a prerogative never mentioned in the Constitution but now asserted to be inherent in the president’s powers; popular during the Nixon administration
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congressional staff
(have they increased or decreased) |
increased staff because of useless info due to oversight
between 1965 and 2003 congressional staffs have doubled in size |
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govt performance and result act
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Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) of 1993: Congress required all federal agencies to produce strategic plans and to measure their success in achieving those goals; seven-year timeline
Measures output, efficiency, customer service, quality, and outcome |
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program effectiveness
(why is it necessary) |
look up
(funds) |
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