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173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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health information system
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the combination of vital and health stats from multiple sources used to derive info about health needs, resources, costs, use of services, outcomes...
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count/frequency
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the # of events/cases/inds that satisfy specified criteria
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ratio
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represents a relationship b/n #s of events/inds that satisfy different criteria (numerator doesn't have to be part of or relate to denominator)
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proportion
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a type of ratio in which the numerator is part of the denominator
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percentage
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a proportion multiplied by 100%
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rate
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a proportion that includes the specification of time a measure that expresses the rapidity, velocity, F of some event
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incidence rate (IR)
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the rapidity with which new cases/events occur
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IR
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# events/cases occurring in specified time period
----------- population present in time period X 10n |
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population present
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usually defined as midyear pop. or in terms of person time (PT), usually person years
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prevalence (P)
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the amount of disease/disability already present in a pop. at that particular time.
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P (prevalence) =
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# cases present at time t
---------------------- pop. @ time t X10n |
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incidence is a ___________, prevalence is a ______________.
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movie, snapshot
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risk (R)=
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the probability that an event will occur in a specified time period. often expressed as relative risk or risk ratio (RR), the likelihood that an exposed ind will dvp/contract a dx compared to someone who is not exposed.
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RR=
(relative risk) |
# new cases among those exposed
______________________________ # new cases among those not exposed |
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<1 Vs. >1
(range of possibilities, w/ 1 meaning there is no association b/n the factor and dvpt. of the dx) |
<1 means the factor under study is protective
>1 = the factor is associated with the disease. |
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primary prevention
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encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with sources of disease:
environmental sanitation & pollution monitoring, drinking water treatment, vaccination, immunization, chemoprophylaxis, vector control, hazards, EDUCATION |
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secondary prevention:
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involves detection and early treatment (SCREENING):
blood pressure, mammography, pap, blood cholesterol, intraocular pressure, spine, intections |
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tertiary prevention:
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involves DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & REHAB. to reduce residual disability:
chemo. chiropractic phys. ther. surgery detox programs counselling |
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primary prevention is most __________.
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COST EFFECTIVE, depending on construction and maintenance of infrastructure
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primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with sources of disease:
environmental sanitation & pollution monitoring, drinking water treatment, vaccination, immunization, chemoprophylaxis, vector control, hazards, EDUCATION |
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|
primary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
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susceptibility, prepathogenesis
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secondary prevention:
|
involves detection and early treatment (SCREENING):
blood pressure, mammography, pap, blood cholesterol, intraocular pressure, spine, intections |
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|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with sources of disease:
environmental sanitation & pollution monitoring, drinking water treatment, vaccination, immunization, chemoprophylaxis, vector control, hazards, EDUCATION |
|
|
secondary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
presymptomatic, pathogenesis,
(detection, early diagnosis, prompt treatment) |
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|
tertiary prevention assc. w/ ???
|
clinical disease, pathogenesis,(treatment and rehab)
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|
tertiary prevention:
|
involves DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & REHAB. to reduce residual disability:
chemo. chiropractic phys. ther. surgery detox programs counselling |
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|
secondary prevention:
|
involves detection and early treatment (SCREENING):
blood pressure, mammography, pap, blood cholesterol, intraocular pressure, spine, intections |
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SCREENING is....
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most cost effective only w/ very PREVALENT conditions and/or focused on those at high risk
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tertiary prevention:
|
involves DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & REHAB. to reduce residual disability:
chemo. chiropractic phys. ther. surgery detox programs counselling |
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|
primary prevention is most __________.
|
COST EFFECTIVE, depending on construction and maintenance of infrastructure
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|
|
landscape epidemiology
|
place diseases:
natural hazards-fire, flood, earthquake climate-temperate, tropical, arid altitude-skin cancer vectors-moscos, fleas, ticks |
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|
primary prevention is most __________.
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COST EFFECTIVE, depending on construction and maintenance of infrastructure
|
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|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with sources of disease:
environmental sanitation & pollution monitoring, drinking water treatment, vaccination, immunization, chemoprophylaxis, vector control, hazards, EDUCATION |
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|
natural NIDUS of infection
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the vector spreading the disease: ticks & lyme's dx
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primary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
susceptibility, prepathogenesis
|
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|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with sources of disease:
environmental sanitation & pollution monitoring, drinking water treatment, vaccination, immunization, chemoprophylaxis, vector control, hazards, EDUCATION |
|
|
primary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
susceptibility, prepathogenesis
|
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|
secondary prevention:
|
involves detection and early treatment (SCREENING):
blood pressure, mammography, pap, blood cholesterol, intraocular pressure, spine, intections |
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ecological fallacy
|
arises when factors compared are but indirectly associated. assumes all members of the group exhibit characteristics of the group at large.
stereotypes & biased sampling |
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|
secondary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
presymptomatic, pathogenesis,
(detection, early diagnosis, prompt treatment) |
|
|
secondary prevention:
|
involves detection and early treatment (SCREENING):
blood pressure, mammography, pap, blood cholesterol, intraocular pressure, spine, intections |
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with sources of disease:
environmental sanitation & pollution monitoring, drinking water treatment, vaccination, immunization, chemoprophylaxis, vector control, hazards, EDUCATION |
|
|
secondary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
presymptomatic, pathogenesis,
(detection, early diagnosis, prompt treatment) |
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with sources of disease:
environmental sanitation & pollution monitoring, drinking water treatment, vaccination, immunization, chemoprophylaxis, vector control, hazards, EDUCATION |
|
|
secondary prevention:
|
involves detection and early treatment (SCREENING):
blood pressure, mammography, pap, blood cholesterol, intraocular pressure, spine, intections |
|
|
tertiary prevention:
|
involves DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & REHAB. to reduce residual disability:
chemo. chiropractic phys. ther. surgery detox programs counselling |
|
|
tertiary prevention assc. w/ ???
|
clinical disease, pathogenesis,(treatment and rehab)
|
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|
tertiary prevention:
|
involves DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & REHAB. to reduce residual disability:
chemo. chiropractic phys. ther. surgery detox programs counselling |
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variable risk factor
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is associated with the occurence, more likely to have been present before onset in those affected people than in non-affected people.
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tertiary prevention assc. w/ ???
|
clinical disease, pathogenesis,(treatment and rehab)
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SCREENING is....
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most cost effective only w/ very PREVALENT conditions and/or focused on those at high risk
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primary prevention is most __________.
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COST EFFECTIVE, depending on construction and maintenance of infrastructure
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SCREENING is....
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most cost effective only w/ very PREVALENT conditions and/or focused on those at high risk
|
|
|
primary prevention is most __________.
|
COST EFFECTIVE, depending on construction and maintenance of infrastructure
|
|
|
secondary prevention:
|
involves detection and early treatment (SCREENING):
blood pressure, mammography, pap, blood cholesterol, intraocular pressure, spine, intections |
|
|
tertiary prevention:
|
involves DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & REHAB. to reduce residual disability:
chemo. chiropractic phys. ther. surgery detox programs counselling |
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with source.
avoids the dvpt of disease. |
|
|
landscape epidemiology
|
place diseases:
natural hazards-fire, flood, earthquake climate-temperate, tropical, arid altitude-skin cancer vectors-moscos, fleas, ticks |
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natural history of disease
|
SUSCEPTIBILITY STAGE
PRE SYMPTOMATic stage symptoms are detectable clinical disease phase resolution |
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|
tertiary prevention:
|
involves DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & REHAB. to reduce residual disability:
chemo. chiropractic phys. ther. surgery detox programs counselling |
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with sources of disease:
environmental sanitation & pollution monitoring, drinking water treatment, vaccination, immunization, chemoprophylaxis, vector control, hazards, EDUCATION |
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|
vital statistics
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measurable characteristics- age, gender, ethnicity...
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primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with sources of disease:
environmental sanitation & pollution monitoring, drinking water treatment, vaccination, immunization, chemoprophylaxis, vector control, hazards, EDUCATION |
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with sources of disease:
environmental sanitation & pollution monitoring, drinking water treatment, vaccination, immunization, chemoprophylaxis, vector control, hazards, EDUCATION |
|
|
landscape epidemiology
|
place diseases:
natural hazards-fire, flood, earthquake climate-temperate, tropical, arid altitude-skin cancer vectors-moscos, fleas, ticks |
|
|
primary prevention is most __________.
|
COST EFFECTIVE, depending on construction and maintenance of infrastructure
|
|
|
primary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
susceptibility, prepathogenesis
|
|
|
natural NIDUS of infection
|
the vector spreading the disease: ticks & lyme's dx
|
|
|
secondary prevention:
|
involves detection and early treatment (SCREENING):
blood pressure, mammography, pap, blood cholesterol, intraocular pressure, spine, intections |
|
|
primary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
susceptibility, prepathogenesis
|
|
|
primary prevention is most __________.
|
COST EFFECTIVE, depending on construction and maintenance of infrastructure
|
|
|
secondary prevention:
|
involves detection and early treatment (SCREENING):
blood pressure, mammography, pap, blood cholesterol, intraocular pressure, spine, intections |
|
|
primary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
susceptibility, prepathogenesis
|
|
|
secondary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
presymptomatic, pathogenesis,
(detection, early diagnosis, prompt treatment) |
|
|
secondary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
presymptomatic, pathogenesis,
(detection, early diagnosis, prompt treatment) |
|
|
tertiary prevention assc. w/ ???
|
clinical disease, pathogenesis,(treatment and rehab)
|
|
|
primary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
susceptibility, prepathogenesis
|
|
|
tertiary prevention assc. w/ ???
|
clinical disease, pathogenesis,(treatment and rehab)
|
|
|
tertiary prevention:
|
involves DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & REHAB. to reduce residual disability:
chemo. chiropractic phys. ther. surgery detox programs counselling |
|
|
natural NIDUS of infection
|
the vector spreading the disease: ticks & lyme's dx
|
|
|
secondary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
presymptomatic, pathogenesis,
(detection, early diagnosis, prompt treatment) |
|
|
secondary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
presymptomatic, pathogenesis,
(detection, early diagnosis, prompt treatment) |
|
|
SCREENING is....
|
most cost effective only w/ very PREVALENT conditions and/or focused on those at high risk
|
|
|
secondary prevention:
|
involves detection and early treatment (SCREENING):
blood pressure, mammography, pap, blood cholesterol, intraocular pressure, spine, intections |
|
|
ecological fallacy
|
arises when factors compared are but indirectly associated. assumes all members of the group exhibit characteristics of the group at large.
stereotypes & biased sampling |
|
|
SCREENING is....
|
most cost effective only w/ very PREVALENT conditions and/or focused on those at high risk
|
|
|
tertiary prevention:
|
involves DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & REHAB. to reduce residual disability:
chemo. chiropractic phys. ther. surgery detox programs counselling |
|
|
variable risk factor
|
is associated with the occurence, more likely to have been present before onset in those affected people than in non-affected people.
|
|
|
tertiary prevention:
|
involves DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT & REHAB. to reduce residual disability:
chemo. chiropractic phys. ther. surgery detox programs counselling |
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with source.
avoids the dvpt of disease. |
|
|
primary prevention is most __________.
|
COST EFFECTIVE, depending on construction and maintenance of infrastructure
|
|
|
primary prevention is most __________.
|
COST EFFECTIVE, depending on construction and maintenance of infrastructure
|
|
|
landscape epidemiology
|
place diseases:
natural hazards-fire, flood, earthquake climate-temperate, tropical, arid altitude-skin cancer vectors-moscos, fleas, ticks |
|
|
tertiary prevention assc. w/ ???
|
clinical disease, pathogenesis,(treatment and rehab)
|
|
|
tertiary prevention assc. w/ ???
|
clinical disease, pathogenesis,(treatment and rehab)
|
|
|
primary prevention is most __________.
|
COST EFFECTIVE, depending on construction and maintenance of infrastructure
|
|
|
ecological fallacy
|
arises when factors compared are but indirectly associated. assumes all members of the group exhibit characteristics of the group at large.
stereotypes & biased sampling |
|
|
landscape epidemiology
|
place diseases:
natural hazards-fire, flood, earthquake climate-temperate, tropical, arid altitude-skin cancer vectors-moscos, fleas, ticks |
|
|
primary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
susceptibility, prepathogenesis
|
|
|
natural NIDUS of infection
|
the vector spreading the disease: ticks & lyme's dx
|
|
|
primary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
susceptibility, prepathogenesis
|
|
|
primary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
susceptibility, prepathogenesis
|
|
|
variable risk factor
|
is associated with the occurence, more likely to have been present before onset in those affected people than in non-affected people.
|
|
|
SCREENING is....
|
most cost effective only w/ very PREVALENT conditions and/or focused on those at high risk
|
|
|
natural history of disease
|
SUSCEPTIBILITY STAGE
PRE SYMPTOMATic stage symptoms are detectable clinical disease phase resolution |
|
|
SCREENING is....
|
most cost effective only w/ very PREVALENT conditions and/or focused on those at high risk
|
|
|
natural NIDUS of infection
|
the vector spreading the disease: ticks & lyme's dx
|
|
|
ecological fallacy
|
arises when factors compared are but indirectly associated. assumes all members of the group exhibit characteristics of the group at large.
stereotypes & biased sampling |
|
|
landscape epidemiology
|
place diseases:
natural hazards-fire, flood, earthquake climate-temperate, tropical, arid altitude-skin cancer vectors-moscos, fleas, ticks |
|
|
landscape epidemiology
|
place diseases:
natural hazards-fire, flood, earthquake climate-temperate, tropical, arid altitude-skin cancer vectors-moscos, fleas, ticks |
|
|
ecological fallacy
|
arises when factors compared are but indirectly associated. assumes all members of the group exhibit characteristics of the group at large.
stereotypes & biased sampling |
|
|
secondary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
presymptomatic, pathogenesis,
(detection, early diagnosis, prompt treatment) |
|
|
secondary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
presymptomatic, pathogenesis,
(detection, early diagnosis, prompt treatment) |
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with source.
avoids the dvpt of disease. |
|
|
secondary prevention assc. w/ which dx stage?
|
presymptomatic, pathogenesis,
(detection, early diagnosis, prompt treatment) |
|
|
vital statistics
|
measurable characteristics- age, gender, ethnicity...
|
|
|
tertiary prevention assc. w/ ???
|
clinical disease, pathogenesis,(treatment and rehab)
|
|
|
variable risk factor
|
is associated with the occurence, more likely to have been present before onset in those affected people than in non-affected people.
|
|
|
variable risk factor
|
is associated with the occurence, more likely to have been present before onset in those affected people than in non-affected people.
|
|
|
natural NIDUS of infection
|
the vector spreading the disease: ticks & lyme's dx
|
|
|
tertiary prevention assc. w/ ???
|
clinical disease, pathogenesis,(treatment and rehab)
|
|
|
tertiary prevention assc. w/ ???
|
clinical disease, pathogenesis,(treatment and rehab)
|
|
|
natural history of disease
|
SUSCEPTIBILITY STAGE
PRE SYMPTOMATic stage symptoms are detectable clinical disease phase resolution |
|
|
natural NIDUS of infection
|
the vector spreading the disease: ticks & lyme's dx
|
|
|
SCREENING is....
|
most cost effective only w/ very PREVALENT conditions and/or focused on those at high risk
|
|
|
SCREENING is....
|
most cost effective only w/ very PREVALENT conditions and/or focused on those at high risk
|
|
|
ecological fallacy
|
arises when factors compared are but indirectly associated. assumes all members of the group exhibit characteristics of the group at large.
stereotypes & biased sampling |
|
|
SCREENING is....
|
most cost effective only w/ very PREVALENT conditions and/or focused on those at high risk
|
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with source.
avoids the dvpt of disease. |
|
|
vital statistics
|
measurable characteristics- age, gender, ethnicity...
|
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with source.
avoids the dvpt of disease. |
|
|
ecological fallacy
|
arises when factors compared are but indirectly associated. assumes all members of the group exhibit characteristics of the group at large.
stereotypes & biased sampling |
|
|
natural history of disease
|
SUSCEPTIBILITY STAGE
PRE SYMPTOMATic stage symptoms are detectable clinical disease phase resolution |
|
|
variable risk factor
|
is associated with the occurence, more likely to have been present before onset in those affected people than in non-affected people.
|
|
|
landscape epidemiology
|
place diseases:
natural hazards-fire, flood, earthquake climate-temperate, tropical, arid altitude-skin cancer vectors-moscos, fleas, ticks |
|
|
vital statistics
|
measurable characteristics- age, gender, ethnicity...
|
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with source.
avoids the dvpt of disease. |
|
|
variable risk factor
|
is associated with the occurence, more likely to have been present before onset in those affected people than in non-affected people.
|
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with source.
avoids the dvpt of disease. |
|
|
landscape epidemiology
|
place diseases:
natural hazards-fire, flood, earthquake climate-temperate, tropical, arid altitude-skin cancer vectors-moscos, fleas, ticks |
|
|
natural history of disease
|
SUSCEPTIBILITY STAGE
PRE SYMPTOMATic stage symptoms are detectable clinical disease phase resolution |
|
|
natural history of disease
|
SUSCEPTIBILITY STAGE
PRE SYMPTOMATic stage symptoms are detectable clinical disease phase resolution |
|
|
natural NIDUS of infection
|
the vector spreading the disease: ticks & lyme's dx
|
|
|
natural history of disease
|
SUSCEPTIBILITY STAGE
PRE SYMPTOMATic stage symptoms are detectable clinical disease phase resolution |
|
|
landscape epidemiology
|
place diseases:
natural hazards-fire, flood, earthquake climate-temperate, tropical, arid altitude-skin cancer vectors-moscos, fleas, ticks |
|
|
vital statistics
|
measurable characteristics- age, gender, ethnicity...
|
|
|
natural NIDUS of infection
|
the vector spreading the disease: ticks & lyme's dx
|
|
|
ecological fallacy
|
arises when factors compared are but indirectly associated. assumes all members of the group exhibit characteristics of the group at large.
stereotypes & biased sampling |
|
|
variable risk factor
|
is associated with the occurence, more likely to have been present before onset in those affected people than in non-affected people.
|
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with source.
avoids the dvpt of disease. |
|
|
vital statistics
|
measurable characteristics- age, gender, ethnicity...
|
|
|
natural history of disease
|
SUSCEPTIBILITY STAGE
PRE SYMPTOMATic stage symptoms are detectable clinical disease phase resolution |
|
|
vital statistics
|
measurable characteristics- age, gender, ethnicity...
|
|
|
ecological fallacy
|
arises when factors compared are but indirectly associated. assumes all members of the group exhibit characteristics of the group at large.
stereotypes & biased sampling |
|
|
natural NIDUS of infection
|
the vector spreading the disease: ticks & lyme's dx
|
|
|
variable risk factor
|
is associated with the occurence, more likely to have been present before onset in those affected people than in non-affected people.
|
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with source.
avoids the dvpt of disease. |
|
|
vital statistics
|
measurable characteristics- age, gender, ethnicity...
|
|
|
ecological fallacy
|
arises when factors compared are but indirectly associated. assumes all members of the group exhibit characteristics of the group at large.
stereotypes & biased sampling |
|
|
natural history of disease
|
SUSCEPTIBILITY STAGE
PRE SYMPTOMATic stage symptoms are detectable clinical disease phase resolution |
|
|
vital statistics
|
measurable characteristics- age, gender, ethnicity...
|
|
|
variable risk factor
|
is associated with the occurence, more likely to have been present before onset in those affected people than in non-affected people.
|
|
|
primary prevention
|
encompasses all practices that allow community to avoid contact with source.
avoids the dvpt of disease. |
|
|
natural history of disease
|
SUSCEPTIBILITY STAGE
PRE SYMPTOMATic stage symptoms are detectable clinical disease phase resolution |
|
|
vital statistics
|
measurable characteristics- age, gender, ethnicity...
|
|
|
double blind study
|
neither subject nor observer knows assignment
|
|
|
cohort/incidence/longitudinal
|
a statistical age group used in a longitudonal study. followed for a period of time for the dvpt of the dx being studied.
data collected at beginning and conclusion of study sources of cohort= special exposure or resource groups measure of association- relative risk or risk ratio |
|
|
case control study
|
comparing diseased and nondiseased with regard to how frequently the attribute is present
-data is collected once -usu. only an option for studying rare conds. -selection and sources of controls: population based data presentation: 2X2 table, assumes one cause for each dx measure of association: odds ratio |
|
|
common source epidemic
|
point source; a single common exposure to a virus
|
|
|
propagative epidemic
|
direct; person to person
|
|
|
sensitive screen testing
|
the proportion of true positives that are labeled as positive
|
|
|
specificity of screen testing
|
the proportion of true negatives that are labeled as negative
|
|
|
final accurate diagnosis
|
2X2 table
|
