Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
which condition would most warrant the use of US w/ a frequency of 3.0 MHz: A. lumbar paravertebral mm spas, B. hip flex contracture, C. ant talofib lig sprain, D. quad strain |
C. anterior talofibular sprain - This structure is relatively superficial so 3.0 would be adequate. The other choices all listed muscles whos relative depth requires a frequency of 1.0MHz to reach the target area |
|
|
__(anterior/posterior)__ alignment of the wheel axle increases the amount of rolling resistance of the wheelchair |
Posterior alignment of the wheel axle - this serves to decrease the mechanical efficiency of the wheel chair |
|
|
Pt's w/ SCI's may opt to have the wheel axle on their WC moved 1._(forward/backward)_ because an 2._(anterior/posterior)_ wheel axle alignment makes it easier to perform a wheelie |
1. Forward 2. anterior - this position moves the axle closer to the pts COG and increases the ability to perform a wheelie |
|
|
on a WC, which type of wheel axle alignment would increase the turning radius of the chair? (anterior/posterior) |
posterior -A posterior alignment of the axle increases the distance from the wheel axle to the casters & therefor increases the turning radius & reduces the maneuverability of the chair |
|
|
The __(anterior/posterior)__ WC axle alignment increases the amount of energy required for propulsion which serves to decrease the patients ability to propel the chair |
POSTERIOR |
|
|
Posterior alignment of the wheel axle is often utilized for patients with ___A___ to increase stability and compensate for the change in the COG. This type of adaptation may also be utilized in a __B__ or __B__ wheel chair.
|
A- bilateral amputations B- recliner or tilt WC |
|
|
a platform attachment can be added to axill-crutches, f.a.-crutches, or a walker. This modification is used for pts who cant bear weight through their wrists/hands, as well as for pts who have _A_, pts who have _B_, or pts who are __C__. |
A- deformities of wrists or fingers
B- amputation distal to elbow C- unable to extend the elbow |
|
|
which is the most likely reason for a pt to have their crutches modified w/ a platform attachment: A. pt has proximal humeral head fx, B. pt has radial nerve injury, C. pt has impaired balance/coordination, D. pt has trans humeral amputation |
B. pt has a radial nerve injury - pt w/ radial N injury would have significant weakness of the triceps & be unable to extend elbow. A platform would be necessary for the pt to use the crutches bc w/ a platform they can bear weight through elbow and forearm |
|
|
describe why axillary crutches w/ platform attachment are inappropriate for pts w/:
A. proximal humeral head fracture B. impaired balance/coordination C. transhumeral amputation |
A- not appropriate bc the fx site would still experience increasws WB forces regardless of whether WB occurs thru pts hand or if it occurs thru pts forearm/elbow B- not appropriate bc this pt wouldnt be a good candidate for axillary crutches in the first place C. not appropriate bc the pt wouldnt even have a elbow joint& forearm to WB through |
|
|
PTA walks w/ pt. After 50ft pt has LE cramping & sensory changes. The px subsides after brief rest. PTA hypothesizes pt symptoms are consistent w/ pain from claudication. which test would be most appropriate to confirm the hypothesis : A. venous doppler ultrasonography , B. arterial doppler ultrasonography |
B. arterial doppler ultrasonography - pt has claudication pain consistent with arterial insufficiency |
|
|
venous doppler ultrasonography is usually used to identify... |
blood clots |
|
|
Lab test: cardiac biomarkers are biomarkers measured to evaluate __A__. Cardiac enzyme studies measure level of creatine phosphokinase(CK) & the protein troponin in the blood. CK-MB is a relatively specific test for __B__. |
A- hear function B- myocardial infarction |
|
|
patients on what type of medication might require frequent monitoring of prothrombin time |
pts taking anticoagulants such as Warfarin (ie Coumadin) |
|
|
__?____ are electrically charged minerals that help move nutrients into and wastes out of the body's cells, maintain a healthy water balance, and help stabilize the body's acid level. |
serum electrolytes |
|
|
serum electrolytes can be assessed with lab testing. Serum electrolytes commonly assessed are __A__ , __B__ , __C__, and __D__. |
A- potassium B- sodium C- calcium D- magnesium |
|
|
diuretics can lead to significantly lowered __A__ levels, and to a lesser extent, __B__ levels.
|
A- potassium B- sodium |
|
|
A pt w/ cardiovascular pathology is placed on a diuretic. Which type of laboratory test would be most essential to monitor based on the pt's prescribed medication?: A. cardiac biomarkers, B. prothrombin time, C. serum electrolytes, D. serum cholesterol |
C. serum electrolytes - Diuretics can lead to significantly lowered potassium and, to a lesser extent, sodium levels. |
|
|
pt has recurrent ankle pain. As part of treatment PTA used US over peroneus longus & brevis tendons. The most appropriate location for US application is? |
posterior to the lateral malleolus |
|
|
The peroneus longus & brevis tendons pass posterior to the lateral malleolus. The longus inserts on the lateral side of the __A__ and the __A__. While the brevis inserts the __B__. They are both innervated by the _C_ nerve. |
A. longus- lat side of the base of the 1st metatarsal and the 1st cuneiform B. brevis- tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal C. both innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve |
|
|
what is the action of the peroneus longus |
- Evert the foot & assist in plantar flexion - Depress the head of the 1st metatarsal |
|
|
whats the action of the peroneus brevis |
Evert the foot & assist in plantar flexion |
|
|
the tendon of the extensor digitorum longus can be palpated...? |
slightly anterior to the lateral malleolus |
|
|
The sustenaculum tali is a horizontal eminence arising from the medial surface of the calcaneus. The bony prominence serves as the attachment point for several ligaments including the __?__, also known as the spring ligament. |
calcaneonavicular ligament
|
|
|
when measuring medial rotation of the shoulder, where should the PTA position the A- fulcrum B- stationary arm C- movable arm |
A- fulcrum= over the olecranon process B- S.arm= parallel or perpendicular to the floor C- M.arm= aligned w/ ulna, using olecranon/ ulnar styloid as a reference |
|
|
electrocardiogram with rhythm classified as: "R-R interval is irregular with a rate between 100 & 200 beats per minute" is most indicative of which condition |
atrial tachycardia - the 100-200bpm lets you know its tachycardia & the irregular lets you know its not just sinus tachycardia bc if the rhythm is "irregular" then some kind of dysfunction is occurring w/ the the SA node/ impulse |
|
|
electrocardiogram with rhythm classified as: "R-R interval is irregular with a rate between 40 & 100 beats per minute" is most indicative of which condition |
Sinus arrhythmia |
|
|
electrocardiogram with rhythm classified as: "R-R interval is regular with a rate greater than 100 beats per minute" is most indicative of which condition |
Sinus tachycardia - rr intervals with a heart rate greater than 100bpm is sinus tachycardia |
|
|
electrocardiogram with rhythm classified as: "R-R interval is regular with a rate less than 60 beats per minute" is most indicative of which condition |
Sinus bradycardia - rr intervals with a heart rate of less than 60 beats per min is sinus bradycardia |
|
|
dyspraxia refers to _____A_____, and is often caused by ____B____. The condition is common in children with __C__. |
A. difficulty planning a new motor act B. difficulty interpreting & modulating tactile input C. sensory integration dysfunction ie autism |
|
|
what would be more useful in addressing a childs dyspraxia: A. a piece of equipment which would provide vestibular input , B. a piece of equipment which would provide proprioceptive input |
B. a piece of equipment which would provide proprioceptive input - proprio input provides the child w/ improved sense of position& understanding of where joints & mm are in space. It contributes to the ability to plan movement & would directly address childs dyspraxia |
|
|
PTA treats a child w/ autism who has impairments in sensory processing. Would either of these pieces of equipment be useful in addressing the childs dyspraxia: A. swing , B. sit and spin |
both pieces of equipment would provide child w/ vestibular input, which would not address dyspraxia. - however, they'd both be useful to use for a kid w/ sensory processing disorder who has difficulty processing vestibular info bc they'd allow the child the opportunity to experience movement in a controlled environment |
|
|
PTA treats a child w/ autism who has impairments in sensory processing. Would either of these pieces of equipment be useful in addressing the childs dyspraxia: A. weighted vest , B. rocking chair |
A. Weighted vest provides proprioceptive input so it would directly address childs dyspraxia - a rocking chair provides vestibular input so it would not address dyspraxia but it can be calming to a child w/ sensory integration dysfunction who is hyper-aroused |
|
|
If the WC seat depth is appropriate, how much space should exist between the front edge of the seat and the popliteal fold |
2 inches |
|
|
aspiration, also known as arthrocentesis, refers to |
a technique using a sterile needle to remove fluid from a joint
|
|
|
aspiration performed in the elbow region is most commonly associated with which scenario: A. dorsal ganglion cyst, B. lateral epicondylitis, C. olecranon bursitis, D. medial epicondylitis |
C. olecranon bursitis |
|
|
Pt referred to pt for shoulder impingement. During session PTA begins to suspect a systemic cause for the pt's pain. Which symptom would best support this hypothesis: A. pain's been present for years, B. px alleviated w/ cryotherapy, C. px aggravated by cervical rotation, D. px remains unrelieved w/ rest or change in position |
D. pain remains unrelieved with rest or change in position |
|
|
what is another sign that pain may be systemic of origin rather than musculoskeletal? |
pain is difficult to reproduce - pain that is musculoskeletal in origin is usually aggravated with movement whereas pain systemic in origin is hard to reproduce |
|
|
Pain caused by a systemic pathology tends to be more __?__ and __?__ in onset. |
recent and sudden |
|
|
at what age does an infant typically maintain sitting for a prolonged period of time w/ UE support, bring objects to midline, hold a bottle with 2 hands, and roll to prone? |
6-7 months |
|
|
at what age does an infant typically manipulate toys in sitting, raise themselves from supine to sit, pull to stand w/ support, and transfer objects with controlled release? |
10-11 months |
|
|
at what age does an infant typically stand up through quadruped, use a wide array of sitting positions, walk w/o support, creep up stairs, throw a ball in sitting, and mark paper with crayons? |
12 months |
|
|
an accepted recommendation is that US can be administered to an area _A_ to _A_ times the size of the effective radiating area of the transducer face in a _B_ minute period. |
A- 2 to 3 B- 5 min period |
|
|
__?__ increases the amount of air that is inspired and as a result, can be used as a treatment to prevent alveolar collapse after thoracic surgery |
incentive spirometer |
|
|
what are inspiratory muscle trainers used for |
to increase strength and endurance of the muscles of inspiration |
|
|
mechanical percussors are electronically or pneumatically powered devices employed as a substitute for _A_. They can be used to help __B__ after thoracic surgery but only if the pt was __C__ |
A- percussion w/ the hands B- mobilize bronchial secretions C- retaining secretions |
|
|
what are mucus clearing devices that combine positive expiatory pressure with high frequency oscillations at the airway opening during exhalation |
flutter valves |
|
|
Which bony structure does not articulate with the lunate: - trapezium -radius -capitate - scaphoid |
trapezium |
|
|
a PTA completes sensory assessment on numerous areas of pt's face. The cranial nerve most likely assessed using this type of testing procedure is |
trigeminal nerve |
|
|
the afferent component of the __?__ nerve can be assessed by examining the patients ability to accurately identify sweet and salty substances |
facial nerve |
|
|
the efferent component of the facial nerve can be assessed by performing a manual muscle test on ___?____ |
muscles involved in facial expression |
|
|
the efferent component of the __?__ nerve can be assessed by examining the muscles of mastication |
trigeminal nerve |
|
|
the efferent component of the oculomotor nerve can be assessed by |
having pt follow obj w/ eyes as it is moved up/down side to side - dont let pt rotate head during testing - inspect pt eyes for asymmetry of ptosis |
|
|
the efferent component of the __?__ nerve can be assessed by askin pt positioned in sitting to follow an obj such as a pencil/pen with their eyes as it is moved in an inferior direction. PTA should make sure pt doesn't move head downward. |
trochlear nerve |
|
|
pt in gym suddenly grasps his throat & begins to cough. The PTA, recognizing the signs of an airway obstruction should: |
continue to observe pt but do not interfere
- attempt to alleviate obstruction ONLY IF signs of severe obstruction develop ie cough becomes silent, respiratory difficulty increasing, pt becoming unresponsive |
|
|
most common side effect associated w/ tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline) is |
sedation |
|
|
pt who doesnt follow splinting regimen for mallet finger will most likely end up with what impairment |
inability to fully extend the DIP |
|
|
pt post CVA has severe difficulty in verbal expression and mild difficulty in understanding complex syntax. This type of communication disorder is best termed: |
Brocas aphasia |
|
|
which type of aphasia: a fluent aphasia noted by severe impairment w/ repetition, intact fluency, good comprehension, and speech interrupted by word-finding difficulties. Reading intact, writing impaired |
conduction aphasia |
|
|
which aphasia: no fluent aphasia noted by severely impaired comprehension (reading & auditory), impaired naming, writing, & repetition skills. Pt may involuntarily verbalize but usually w/o correct context. Pt may use non verbal skills for communication |
global aphasia |
|
|
Which aphasia: a fluent aphasia characterized by impaired comprehension ( reading/writing) skills, impaired writing, & poor naming. The pt will typically possess good articulation, but will use fabricated words or use words incorrectly |
wernickes aphasia |
|
|
a PTA at a discharge meeting for a SCI pt indicates the pt should be able to perform household ambulation using KAFO & crutches upon discharge. The pt quad strength is 2+/5. The most likely SCI injury level is? |
L3 - a pt w/ L3 paraplegia is typically the highest level of injury that may allow for household amb w/ KAFO/crutches. house amb for pt w/ Injury above this level typically wouldnt be possible d/t lack of quad innervation |
|
|
cuada equina injuries typically occur below the _?_ spinal level |
below the L1 spinal level where the long nerve roots transcend |
|
|
pts w/ a lesion at the _A_ spinal level have at least partial innervation of the gracilis, illiopsoas, quadratus lumborum, rectus femoris, & sartorius. Pts have full use of UE's & possess hip flexion, adduction, and knee extension. Pts at this level typically ambulate w/ __B or B__ & an __B__ for home/community ambulation. |
A-L3 spinal level B- KAFO or KAFO/AFO combo and an assistive device |
|
|
pt w/ lesion at _A__ level has innervation of extensor digitorum, low back mm's, medial HS, post tib, quads, & tib ant. Pt at this level will typically use _B_ for home/ community ambulation with an appropriate assistive device. |
A- L5 B- bilateral AFO's |
|
|
for pt w/ cuada equina injuries (injury below L1 spinal level where the long nerve roots transcend) there is full innervation of the _A__ &__A__ and minimal hip _B_ present at this level.
|
A- abdominals & intercostals B- minimal hip flexion |
|
|
for pt w/ __A__ spinal injuries, full recovery is not typical due to the distance needed for axonal regeneration |
cuada equina |
|
|
Characteristics of cuada equina injury include __A__, __B__, and impairment of __C__. |
A- flaccidity B- areflexia C- impairment of bowel and bladder function |
|
|
Pt w/ lesion at the __A__ spinal level has innervation of the upper/lower abdominals, intercostals & adequate LE strength to use __B__ of modified __C__ with ambulation. A pt at this level will also use an assistive device for home/community ambulation |
A- S1 B- AFO's C- modified foot orthotics |
|
|
Pt goes from standing to sitting. What type of contraction occurs in the hip extensors with this activity |
eccentric |
|
|
What is termed "Gowers' sign" |
it describes a method of standing upright where the pt has to push up on his legs with his hands in order to attain an upright position. |
|
|
Gowers' sign is a finding most commonly associated with which condition? |
Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
|
|
Duchenne MD is a sex-linked disorder characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning between ages __A__&__A__. Life expectancy is __B__ to __B__ due to respiratory or cardiac failure. ____C___ of the __C__ muscles is often the 1st observed finding, however, all muscles are eventually affected. |
A- 2 and 5 B- late teens to early 20's C- pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles |
|
|
Spinal muscular atrophy is a progressive autosomal recessive disorder characterized by _A_ , _A_, & _A_. SMA type 1 (werdnig-hoffman disease) has a life expectancy of _B_ , type 2 has a _C_ progression, & type 3 (kugelberg-welander) has a __D__ life expectancy. |
A- anterior horn cell degeneration, paralysis, & intact cognition B- type 1= less than 3 years C- type 2= slower progression D- type 3= normal life expectancy |
|
|
This PNF technique should be applied: " with the extremity placed into a shortened range within the pattern" A- contract-relax , B- hold relax active movement, C- hold relax, D. repeated contractions |
B. Hold relax active movement - an isometric contraction is performed once the extremity is passively placed into a shortened range w/in the pattern. Upon relaxation, the extremity is moved into a lengthened position w/ a quick stretch. Pt returns extrem to short position thru an isotonic contraction |
|
|
This PNF technique should be applied: "At the point where the desired muscular response begins to diminish" A- contract-relax , B- hold relax active movement, C- hold relax, D. repeated contractions |
D. Repeated contractions - repeated contractions should be applied at the point where the contraction begins to diminish. This tech utilizes an isometric contraction f/b subsequent manual stretching & resisted isotonic movement. |
|
|
This PNF technique should be applied: "With maximal contraction of the antagonistic muscle group " A- contract-relax , B- hold relax active movement, C- hold relax, D. repeated contractions |
A. Contract-Relax - contract-relax is a tech that applies maximal contraction of the antagonistic muscle group as the extremity reaches the point of limitation . Therapist resist movements for 8-10 sec f/b relaxation. This tech is repeated until there are no further gains in range of motion. |
|
|
This PNF technique should be applied: " at the end of the available range" A- contract-relax , B- hold relax active movement, C- hold relax, D. repeated contractions |
C- Hold-Relax - hold-relax is a tech that applies an isometric contraction at the end of available range to increase ROM. The contraction is facilitated for all mm groups at the limiting point in the range. Relaxation occurs & the extremity moves through the newly acquired range to the next point of limitation until there are no further gains in ROM |
|
|
A physically active 19 year old male receives pre-op instruction prior to ACL reconstruction. Pt past medical hx includes medial menisectomy of the contralateral knee 8 months ago. Most likely functional level of the pt following rehab is? |
able to return to previous functional level - A physically active young pt should return to his previous functional level with in 6-12 months following his ACL reconstruction |
|
|
Pt uses latissimus pull-down machine. PTA specifically instructs pt to pull the bar down behind his head. This action emphasizes strengthening of the? |
rhomboids and middle trap - Adduction of the scapula (retraction) is required in order to complete the lat pull down exercise w/ the bar positioned behind the pts head. The Middle trap and Rhomboids both function as strong adductors of the scapula. |
|
|
Which finding is most consistent with ulnar nerve palsy: A. wrist drop w/ inc flexion of the wrist, B. wasting of the hypothenar eminence, C. Inc flexion of MCP joint, D. PIP joint hyperextension & slight flexion of the DIP joint |
B. wasting of the hypothenar eminence - hypothenar eminence consists of opponens/flexor/abductor digiti minimi |
|
|
Which finding is most consistent with radial nerve palsy: A. wrist drop w/ inc flexion of the wrist, B. wasting of the hypothenar eminence, C. Inc flexion of MCP joint, D. PIP joint hyperextension & slight flexion of the DIP joint |
A. wrist drop with increased flexion of the wrist - The radial nerve innervates the majority of mm's acting to extend the wrist including extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis and extensor digitorum |
|
|
A rupture of the flexor digitorum superficialis would tend to result in |
PIP joint being positioned in extension - the primary action of the FDS is to flex the PIP joint so a rupture would tend to result in PIP extension |
