Pta Chap 6 & 7 Terms

Front 1

Skeletal System six basic functions

Back 1

Support: framework for the body and supports soft tissues and provide attachment points for the tendons

Protection: protects the most important internal organs

Assistence in movement: when the skeltal muscles contract they pull on the bones to produce movement

MIneral homeostasis: (storage and release) stores minerals like Ca and P, releases to maintain homeostasis

Blood cell reproduction: certain bones have connective tissue hav red bone marrow that creates blood cell through hemopoiesis

Triglyceride storage : (yellow bone marrow) storage for triglycerides potentail chem. energy

Front 2

Hemopoiesis

Back 2

the creation of red blood cells and white cells and platelets

Front 3

Diaphysis

Back 3

the bones body / the main portion

Front 4

epiphyses

Back 4

the proximal ends and distal part of the bone

Front 5

metaphyses

Back 5

the region between the diaphysis and epiphyses

(growth)

Front 6

articular cartlidge

Back 6

a thin layer of hyaline covering the epiphyses to absorb shock and move more freely

Front 7

pericsteum

Back 7

the connective tissue that covers the bones wherever the articular cartlidge doesn't cover

Front 8

perforarting fibers

Back 8

thick bundles of collagen that extends to the pericsteum into the bone extracellar matrix

Front 9

medullary cavity

Back 9

marrow cavity, is a hollow bone minimizes weight to provide maximum strength with minimum weight

Front 10

endosteum

Back 10

a thin membrane lines the medullary cavity

Front 11

osteoprogenitor cells

Back 11

are unspecailized bone stem cells which all connective tissue are formed

Front 12

osteoblasts

Back 12

(buds of sprouts) of bone building cells

Front 13

osteocytes

Back 13

mature bone cells the main cells in bone tissue and maintains its daily metabloism

Front 14

osteoclasts

Back 14

huge , powerful white blood cells the are made to breakdown protein for resorption to maitain and repair of the bone

Front 15

compact bone tissue

Back 15

the strogest form of bone tissue

Front 16

osteons

Back 16

units that makes up the compact bone tissue

Front 17

concentric lamellae

Back 17

consits of osteons arranged around a central canal resembling growth lines like a tree

Front 18

lucunae

Back 18

small spaces in between the concentric lamellae that contain osteocytes (little lakes)

Front 19

canaliculi

Back 19

(small channels) radiating in all directions from the lucanae which is filled with extracellar osteocytes

Front 20

interstitial lamellae

Back 20

is the area in between osteons containing the same lamellae and canaliculi

Front 21

perforating canals

Back 21

vessels and nerves of the canals connect the medullarry cavity and periosteum, central canals

Front 22

spongy bone tissue

Back 22

protected by a covering of compact bone it consists of irregular lamellaes shaped like beams (trabeculae)

Front 23

periosteal arteries

Back 23

small arteries that come through the perforating canals and suppy the periosteum

Front 24

intramembranous ossification

Back 24

bone forms directly within mesenchyme,arranged in sheet like layers that resembles membrane

Front 25

endochondral ossifaction

Back 25

bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme

Front 26

perichondrim

Back 26

a covering that develops around the cartilage model

Front 27

interctitial (endogenous) growth

Back 27

(growth from the within)

Front 28

appositional (exogenous) growth

Back 28

meaning growth on the outer surface

Front 29

epiphyseal (growth) plate

Back 29

a layer of hyaline cartliage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that has four levels

-zone of resting cartilage- nearest to the epiphysis layer becuase their function is not to grow

-zone of proliferating- the chondrocytes in this zone to replace those at the side of the epiphyseal plate

-zone of hypertropic cartilage- a layer that consist of a large, maturing chondrocytes arrangedin columns

-zone of calified cartilage- the calcified cartilage becomes the "new diaphysis"

Front 30

epiphyseal line

Back 30

bone growth in length stops completely

Front 31

bone remodeling

Back 31

an ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new tissue

Front 32

fracture

Back 32

is any break in a bone

Front 33

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Back 33

secreted by the parathyroid gland increases the negative the operation of the negative feedback system

Front 34

calcitonin (CT)

Back 34

inhabits activity of osteoclasts and speeds up blood absorbtoin by the bones

Front 35

Osteoporosis

Back 35

meaning porous bones meaning that the bone could not become stronger by breaking down protein and reabsorbing it but instead it continues to break down the bone making it weaker and weaker