Pta 140 Ther Ex Exam 1

Front 1

systematic and planned performance of bodily movements, postures or physical activities intended to provide a client with the means to: prevent or remediate impairments, improve and restore function, prevent or reduce health risk factors, optimize well-being and health status

Back 1

what is the definition and purpose for therapeutic exercise?

Front 2

Muscle performance, cardiopulmonary endurance, mobility/flexibility, neuromuscular control/coordination, stability, balance/postural equilibrium

Back 2

what are the interrelated aspects of physical function?

Front 3

Pathology, impairment, functional limitation, disability

Back 3

what are the categories of the NAGI model and the progression?

Front 4

Modalities, activity modification, pt education

Back 4

what is the tx approach to pain?

Front 5

strengthening: isometric, isotonic, rotator cuff, scapular stabilizers

Back 5

what is the tx approach to decreased strength?

Front 6

focuses on function and what the patient is ABLE to do or is NOT ABLE to do

Back 6

what is the ICF model?

Front 7

health condition, impairment, activities participation, personal factors, environment

Back 7

what are the categories that the ICF model is made up of?

Front 8

comprehensive examination, evaluation of data collected, determination of diagnosis based on impairments, functional limitations and disability, establishment of a prognosis and plan of care based on patient oriented goals, implementation of interventions

Back 8

what is the Patient Management model?

Front 9

Examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention

Back 9

what are the categories of the Patient Management model?

Front 10

examination and intervention

Back 10

what part of the Patient Management model can the PTA carry out?

Front 11

a purposeful interaction that directly relates to a patients care.

Back 11

what is an intervention performed by the PTA?

Front 12

Meaningful, practical, sustainable

Back 12

what must a functional outcome look like?

Front 13

anticipated goals and expected outcomes have been attained

Back 13

what determines when a patient can be discharged?

Front 14

occurs prior to achievement of goals – can be due to status change, pt request, non-compliance, unjustified services per third party payers

Back 14

what determines the discontinuation of a patient in therapy?

Front 15

Non-distracting environment, teach the exercises, demonstrate proper performance of an exercise, ( safe vs. unsafe) guide patient through movement, clear and concise direction, have pt demonstrate the exercise and give feedback, teach a program in small increments to allow pt to obtain info

Back 15

what is the basis of Effective Exercise instruction?

Front 16

discrete, serial, continuous

Back 16

what are the different types of motor tasks

Front 17

simple non-variable. lifting or lowering a weight, grasping, etc. has a recognizable beginning and end

Back 17

what is a discrete task?

Front 18

a series of discrete tasks– eating steak, grasping, piercing, cutting, lifting, chewing

Back 18

what is a serial task?

Front 19

no distinct beginning or end: running, walking, cycling

Back 19

what is a continuous task?

Front 20

different variables and change of challenge. ex: unloading the dishwasher

Back 20

what is an inter-trial variability?

Front 21

cognitive stage, associative stage, autonomous stage

Back 21

what are the stages of motor learning?

Front 22

thinking about tasks and breaking them down

Back 22

what is the cognitive stage of learning?

Front 23

pt is able to self-correct an exercise or function

Back 23

what is the associative stage of learning?

Front 24

not thinking about what you're doing because it is a natural skill

Back 24

what is the autonomous stage of learning?

Front 25

Balance

Back 25

the ability to align body parts against gravity to maintain or move the COM within the BOS

Front 26

Cardiopulmonary Fitness

Back 26

the ability to perform moderate intensity repetitive, total body movements (walking, jogging, cycling, swimming) over an extended period of time

Front 27

Coordination

Back 27

the correct timing and sequencing of muscle firing, combined with the appropriate intensity of muscular contraction leading to the effective initiation, guiding and grading of movement

Front 28

Flexibility

Back 28

the ability to move freely, without restriction

Front 29

Mobility

Back 29

the ability of structures or segments of the body to move or be moved in order to allow ROM for functional activities

Front 30

Muscle Performance

Back 30

the capacity of muscle to produce tension and do physical work (strength, power, muscle endurance)

Front 31

Neuromuscular Control

Back 31

interaction of the sensory and motor systems that enables synergists, agonists, antagonists etc. to respond to proprioceptive and kinesthetic information to create coordinated movement

Front 32

Postural Control, Postural stability, Equilibrium

Back 32

Static or Dynamic Balance

Front 33

Stability

Back 33

the ability of the neuromuscular system through synergistic muscle actions to hold a segment in a stationary position

Front 34

Impairments of Body Function (ICF)

Back 34

Pain, reduced sensation, decreased ROM, deficits in muscle performance(strength, power, endurance), impaired balance/coordination

Front 35

Impairments of Body Structure (ICF)

Back 35

Joint swelling, scarring, open wounds, amputation, lymphedema

Front 36

Activity Limitation (ICF)

Back 36

When a person has difficulty executing or is unable to perform tasks or actions of daily life (functional limitations). May be physical, social or psychological in nature

Front 37

Participation Restrictions (ICF)

Back 37

problems a person may experience in his or her life situations (measured against social standards)

Front 38

Precautions and Contraindications to ROM

Back 38

ROM should not be done when:

* the condition is life threatening

*after MI or CABG

*when motion is disruptive to the healing process

Signs of too much or wrong motion include increased pain and inflammation

Front 39

Myostatic Contracture

Back 39

musculotendinous unit has adaptively shortened, significant loss of ROM

no specific muscle pathology present

Front 40

Pseudomyostatic Contracture

Back 40

impaired mobility and limited ROM

may be the result of hypertonicity

associated with CNS lesion (CVA)

if neuromuscular inhibition procedures are applied, full passive elongation of the muscles are possible

Front 41

Arthrogenic & Periarticular Contracture

Back 41

Arthrogenic contracture is the result of intra-articular pathology (adhesions, synovial proliferation, joint effusion)

Periarticular contracture develops when connective tissues that cross the joint lose mobility restricting arthrokinematic motion

Front 42

Fibrotic Contracture / Irreversibile Contracture

Back 42

Fibrous changes in the connective tissue of muscle and periarticular structures can cause adherence of these tissues and development of fibrotic contracture

the longer fibrotic contracture exists the more difficult it is to regain optimal mobility and more likely contracture will become irreversible

Front 43

Types of Stretching

Back 43

* Static stretching

* Cyclic/intermittent stretching

* Ballistic Stretching

* PNF Stretching

* Manual Stretching

* Mechanical Stretching

* Self-stretching

* Passive Stretching

* Active Stretching

Front 44

Designation of Contractures by Location

Back 44

Contractures are described by identifying the action of the shortened muscle (i.e. pt has shortened elbow flexors & cannot extend elbow - he or she has an elbow flexion contracture)

Front 45

Steps to Develop & Implement a Wellness & Fitness Program

Back 45

1. Identify a need

2. Set goals and objectives

3. Develop the intervention

4. Implement the intervention

5. Evaluate the results

Front 46

Steps to Develop & Implement a Wellness & Fitness Program

Step 1 Identify the need

What does this mean?

Back 46

Identify the target audience

Front 47

Steps to Develop & Implement a Wellness & Fitness Program

Step 2 Set goals and objectives

What does this mean?

Back 47

Identify the purpose of the program

Identify the goals

screening

education

Identify the objectives

Front 48

Steps to Develop & Implement a Wellness & Fitness Program

Step 3 Develop the intervention

What does this mean?

Back 48

Identify the right tools for the screening

(collect initial data)

Develop the education material (handouts)

Logistics

Front 49

Steps to Develop & Implement a Wellness & Fitness Program

Step 4 Implement the intervention

What does this mean?

Back 49

Just do it

Front 50

Steps to Develop & Implement a Wellness & Fitness Program

Step 5 Evaluate the results

What does this mean?

Back 50

Collect data and compare against initial data

Front 51

3 categories of prevention

Back 51

Primary prevention

Secondary prevention

Tertiary prevention

Front 52

Primary prevention

Back 52

programs to help in the prevention of disease in an at risk population

Front 53

Secondary prevention

Back 53

early diagnosis and reduction of severity of existing dissease

Front 54

Tertiary prevention

Back 54

use of rehabilitation to reduce the degree or limit progression of existing disability and improve function in persons with chronic, irreversible health conditions

Front 55

Composite Impairment

Back 55

When an impairment is the result of multiple underlying causes from a combination of primary and secondary impairments

Front 56

Primary impairment

Back 56

Impairment arising directly from health condition

Front 57

Secondary impairment

Back 57

a preexisting impairment

Front 58

3 stages of motor Learning

Back 58

Cognitive Stage

Associative Stage

Autonomous Stage

Front 59

Cognitive Stage

Back 59

must think about each step

easily distracted

makes errors

Front 60

Associative Stage

Back 60

makes fewer errors

detects and self corrects

less dependent on extrinsic feedback

Front 61

Autonomous Stage

Back 61

performs the exercise program consistently and automatically

applies the learned strategies to more complex tasks

Front 62

Discrete Task

Back 62

an action or movement with a recognizable beginning and end (kicking a ball)

Front 63

Serial Task

Back 63

a series of discernible tasks that are combined in a particular sequence (wheelchair transfers)

Front 64

Continuous Task

Back 64

repetitive, uninterrupted movements with no distinct beginning or end (walking, cycling, swimming)

Front 65

The systems of the body that control the elements of physical function react, adapt and develop is response to

Back 65

forces and physical stresses placed on the tissues (i.e. gravity)

Front 66

Excessive imposed forces and physical stresses can cause

Back 66

acute or chronic injuries (i.e. sprains, fractures, repetitive stress disorders)

Front 67

effective patient-related instruction for a functionally oriented exercise program must include methods to foster _____

Back 67

Adherence

Front 68

The absence of typical stresses on the body also can cause _____, ________ or ________

Back 68

degeneration

degradation

deformity

Front 69

Indications for PROM

Back 69

in the region of acute, inflamed tissue (active motion would be detrimental)

when a patient is not able or not supposed to move a segment (coma, paralyzed)

Front 70

Indications for AROM

Back 70

* when a patient is able to contract the muscles actively and move a segment with or w/out assistance

* when a patient has weak musculature and is not able to move segment through range

* when a segment of the body is immobilized for a period of time, AROM is used on regions above and below

* AROM can be used for aerobic conditioning

Front 71

Application of PROM

Back 71

* During PROM the force of movement is external, provided by the therapist or mechanical device

* No active assistance or resistance is given by patients muscles

* The motion is carried out within free ROM - no forced motion or pain

Front 72

Application of AROM

Back 72

* Demonstrate the motion using PROM then have patient perform the motion. Therapist has hands in place to guide or assist as needed

* Provide assistance only as needed

* The motion is performed within the available ROM

Front 73

Elasticity

Back 73

the ability of soft tissue to return to its pre-stretch resting length directly after a short duration stretch

Front 74

Viscoelasticity

Back 74

viscoelastic deformation

a time dependent property of soft tissue that initially resists deformation before returning to the pre-stretch length

Front 75

Plasticity

Back 75

plastic deformation

the tendency of soft tissue to assume a new and greater length after stretching

Front 76

As the GTO monitors tension in the muscle fibers being stretched, it has as inhibitory impact on the level of muscle tension in the muscle-tendon unit in which it lies. This is particularly true if the stretch is prolonged. This is called _____

Back 76

autogenic inhibition

Front 77

3 types of stress

Back 77

Tension

Compression

Shear

Front 78

Tension

Back 78

a force applied perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of the tissue (stretching)

Front 79

Compression

Back 79

a force applied perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of the tissue (contraction)

Front 80

Shear

Back 80

a force applied parallel to the cross-sectional area of the tissue

Front 81

Regions of the Stress-Strain Curve

Back 81

Toe Region

Elastic Region

Elastic Limit

Plastic Range

Ultimate Strength

Front 82

Toe Region

Back 82

area of the stress-strain curve in which there is considerable deformation with out the use of much force

Front 83

Elastic Range

Back 83

strain is proportional to the ability of the tissue to resist the force (tissue taken to the end of its ROM and a gentle stretch is applied)

Front 84

Elastic Limit

Back 84

the point beyond which the tissue does not return to its original shape and size

Front 85

Plastic Range

Back 85

the range beyond the elastic limit, extending to the point of rupture