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152 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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anterior (ventral)
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ante- (come before: as in antique)
front |
None
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posterior (dorsal)
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back
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Superior
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Top, toward the head
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inferior
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Lower, away from the head
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medial
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toward the midline of the body
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lateral
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away from the midline of the body
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proximal
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toward the attached end of the limb, or origin of the structure, or toward the midline of the body
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distal
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distant, away frome the attached end of the limb, or origin of the structure, or toward the midline of the body
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superficial
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external, located closer to the body surface
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deep
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internal, located further beneth the body surface than the superficial
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cervical
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neck region
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thoracic
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chest (thorax)
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lumbar
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back between abdomen and pelvis
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plantar
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sole or bottom of foot
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dorsal
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top of foot and hands
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palmar
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palm
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sagittal plane
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(archer. Sagittarius is a bowman with an arrow)
imaginaary longitude dividing body into left and right halves |
None
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frontal plane
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imaginatary longitude dividing body into front and back halves. Right angle to sagittal plane.
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transverse plane
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imaginary horizontal line dividing body into top and bottom halves. Aka horizontal plane.
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arthro
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joint
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bi
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two
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bracium
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arm
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cardio-
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heart
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cephalo
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head
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chondro
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(grain, orzo)
cartilage |
None
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costo
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rib
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dermo
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skin
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emo, hemat
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blood
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ilio
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wide, upper part of pelvic bone
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myo
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muscle
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os, osteo
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bone
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pulmo
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lung
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thoraco
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chest (thorax)
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tri
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three
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What blood does
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in, out, protects, temp, clots. Distributes O2 and nutrients, carries CO2 and metabolic wastes out, protects against disease, helps regulate temp, clots to attempt to prevent serious blood loss. Blood is the only fluid tissue.
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components of blood
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formed elements of living cells (white/red cells and platelets).
Plasma, the non-living liquid portion, 92% water, principally proteins. |
None
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% of body weight blood represents
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8
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how much blood you have, female
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4-5l
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how much blood you have, male
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5-6l
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why arteries different from veins
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stronger, and their muscular walls help propel blood
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why veins are different from arteries
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contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.
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arterioles
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arteries branch into these to deliver blood to capillaries
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capillaries
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microscopic, extensive network to carry blood thru distal tissues. Critical exchange of nutrients and waste.
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venules
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beginning of venous structure, continuation of capillaries and join together to form veins
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common size of heart
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fist
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site of heart
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left of center behind sternum and lungs
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superior vena cava
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drains blood from above the heart into right atrium
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inferior vena cava
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drains blood from below the heart into right atrium
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function of atrium
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primer pump. Blood accumulates there during contraction. Upon relaxation, blood flows on into ventricle. Right ventrical pumps to lungs. Left ventricle pumps to body.
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pulmonary trunk
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what right ventricle pumps into. Goes from there into right and left pulmonary arteries.
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pulmonary arteries
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transport blood to lungs, where co2 released and o2 acquired
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pulmonary veins
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4 veins from lungs back to heart, goes to left atrium.
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left ventricle
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gets blood from left atrium coming from lungs. During contraction pumps to ascending aorta.
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ascending aorta
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distributes blood from heart to rest of the body (except lungs)
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3 functions of respiratory system
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Supplies O2, eliminates CO2, helps regulate pH of the body
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None
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Respiratory system contents
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mouth to lungs. Mouth, throat, trachea, bronchi
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None
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respiration
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exchange of gasses O2, CO2, N between the atmosphere and blood within capillaries in lungs
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internal respiration
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exchange of gasses between blood and cells
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None
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cellular respiration
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utilization of O2 and prduction of CO2 by metabolic activity in the cells
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function of nose
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warms air, filters thru membrane covered with cilia (small hairs) that filter out small particles.
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None
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pharynx (throat)
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just posterior to nasal and oral cavaties, passes air and food, resonates speech sounds.
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mouth breathing
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doesn’t get filtered to the same extent as nose breathing. Predominates during vigorous exercise.
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to find larnyx
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touch your adams' apple
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larnyx
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organ of voice, the enlarged upper (proximal) end of trachea (windpipe). Passes air to/from lungs via pharynx.
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trachea
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windpipe. 4.5 inch tube kept open by C-shaped cartilege series like wire rings in a vacuum cleaner hose.
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bottom of trachea
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about 5th thoracic vertebra (T5), where it divides into right ad left primary bronchi.
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None
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primary bronchus
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right and left, each enters a lung and divides into 5 secondary bronchi, one for each of the lobes of lung
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number of lobes of the lung
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5
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tertiary bronchi
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3rd branching of bronchi, dividing over and over
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terminal bronchioles
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tiny bronchi with microscopic branches
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respirator bronchioles
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microscopic bronchi, subdivide into alveolar ducts (alveoli)
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alveoli
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(little hollows)
where the actual exchange of gases with the blood is done. |
None
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Number of alveoli
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300 million
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surface area of alveoli
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750 square feet (70 square meters)
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bronchial tree
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description of what bronchial divisions look like
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shape of lungs
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cone
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location of lungs
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thoracic cavity
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number of lobes, right lung
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3
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number of lobes, left lung
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2
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diaphragm
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muscle that is the floor of the thoracic cavity, contracts on inhale (inspiration), relaxes to allow expiration
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mediastinum
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Middle Space (lungs)
space that separates the lungs and contains the heart, esophagus (throat to stomach), and part of the trachea, |
None
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nervous system function
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control enter and communications. Carries all comands to contract muscles.
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2 parts of nervous system
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central and peripheral
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None
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central nervous system (CNS)
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brain and spinal cord. Totally enclosed within bony structures. Integrates all the info from peripheral nervous syem (PNS) and formulates appropriate responses
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function of skull
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protect the brain
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function of vertebral canal
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protect the spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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nerves that connect the CNS to to the extremities (limbs)
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number of pairs of cranial nerves
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12
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number of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves connecting to brain stem instead of brain
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10
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number of spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord
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31
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nuber of cervical pairs of spinal nerves
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8
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nuber of thoracic pairs of spinal nerves
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12
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number of lumbar and sacral pairs of spinal nerves
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5
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number of coxxygal pair of spinal nerves
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1
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% of body weight blood represents
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8
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|
how much blood you have, female
|
4-5l
|
|
|
|
how much blood you have, male
|
5-6l
|
|
|
|
why arteries different from veins
|
stronger, and their muscular walls help propel blood
|
|
|
|
why veins are different from arteries
|
contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.
|
|
|
|
arterioles
|
arteries branch into these to deliver blood to capillaries
|
|
|
|
capillaries
|
microscopic, extensive network to carry blood thru distal tissues. Critical exchange of nutrients and waste.
|
|
|
|
venules
|
beginning of venous structure, continuation of capillaries and join together to form veins
|
|
|
|
common size of heart
|
fist
|
|
|
|
site of heart
|
left of center behind sternum and lungs
|
|
|
|
superior vena cava
|
drains blood from above the heart into right atrium
|
|
|
|
inferior vena cava
|
drains blood from below the heart into right atrium
|
|
|
|
function of atrium
|
primer pump. Blood accumulates there during contraction. Upon relaxation, blood flows on into ventricle. Right ventrical pumps to lungs. Left ventricle pumps to body.
|
|
|
|
pulmonary trunk
|
what right ventricle pumps into. Goes from there into right and left pulmonary arteries.
|
|
|
|
pulmonary arteries
|
transport blood to lungs, where co2 released and o2 acquired
|
|
|
|
pulmonary veins
|
4 veins from lungs back to heart, goes to left atrium.
|
|
|
|
left ventricle
|
gets blood from left atrium coming from lungs. During contraction pumps to ascending aorta.
|
|
|
|
ascending aorta
|
distributes blood from heart to rest of the body (except lungs)
|
|
|
|
3 functions of respiratory system
|
Supplies O2, eliinates CO2, helps regulate pH of the body
|
|
|
|
Respiratory system contents
|
mouth to lungs. Mouth, throat, trachea, bronchi
|
None
|
|
|
respiration
|
exchange of gasses O2, CO2, N between the atmosphere and blood within capillaries in lungs
|
|
|
|
internal respiration
|
exehcnage of gasses between blood and cells
|
|
|
|
cellular respiration
|
utilization of O2 and prduction of CO2 by metabolic activity in the cells
|
|
|
|
function of nose
|
warms air, filters thru membrane covered with cilia (small hairs) that filter out small particles.
|
None
|
|
|
pharynx (throat)
|
just posterior to nasal and oral cavaties, passes air and food, resonates speech sounds.
|
|
|
|
mouth breathing
|
doesn’t get filtered to the same extent as nose breathing. Predominates during vigorous exercise.
|
|
|
|
to find larnyx
|
touch your adams' apple
|
|
|
|
larnyx
|
organ of voice, the enlarged upper (proximal) end of trachea (windpipe). Passes air to/from lungs via pharynx.
|
|
|
|
trachea
|
windpipe. 4.5 inch tube kept open by C-shaped cartilege series like wire rings in a vacuum cleaner hose.
|
|
|
|
bottom of trachea
|
about 5th thoracic vertebra (T5), where it divides into right ad left primary bronchi.
|
None
|
|
|
primary bronchus
|
right and left, each enters a lung and divides into 5 secondary bronchi, one for each of the lobes of lung
|
|
|
|
number of lobes of the lung
|
5
|
|
|
|
tertiary bronchi
|
3rd branching of bronchi, dividing over and over
|
|
|
|
terminal bronchioles
|
tiny bronchi with microscopic branches
|
|
|
|
respirator bronchioles
|
microscopic bronchi, subdivide into alveolar ducts (alveoli)
|
|
|
|
alveoli
|
where the actual exchange of gases with the blood is done.
|
|
|
|
Number of alveoli
|
300 million
|
|
|
|
surface area of alveoli
|
750 square feet (70 square meters)
|
|
|
|
bronchial tree
|
description of what bronchial divisions look like
|
|
|
|
shape of lungs
|
cone
|
|
|
|
location of lungs
|
thoracic cavity
|
|
|
|
number of lobes, right lung
|
3
|
|
|
|
number of lobes, left lung
|
2
|
|
|
|
diaphragm
|
muscle that is the floor of the thoracic cavity, contracts on inhale (inspiration), relaxes to allow expiration
|
|
|
|
mediastinum
|
space that separates the lungs and contains the heart, esophagus (throat to stomach), and part of the trachea,
|
|
|
|
nervous system function
|
control enter and communications. Carries all comands to contract muscles.
|
|
|
|
2 parts of nervous system
|
centra and peripheral
|
|
|
|
central nervous system (CNS)
|
brain and spinal cord. Totally enclosed within bony structures. Integrates all the info from peripheral nervous syem (PNS) and formulates appropriate responses
|
|
|
|
function of skull
|
protect the brain
|
|
|
|
function of vertebral canal
|
protect the spinal cord
|
|
|
|
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
|
nerves that connect the CNS to to the extremities (limbs)
|
|
|
|
number of pairs of cranial nerves
|
12
|
|
|
|
number of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves connecting to brain stem instead of brain
|
10
|
|
|
|
number of spinal nerves arising from the spinal cord
|
31
|
|
|
|
number of cervical pairs of spinal nerves
|
8
|
None
|
|
|
nuber of thoracic pairs of spinal nerves
|
12
|
|
|
|
number of lumbar and sacral pairs of spinal nerves
|
5
|
|
|
|
number of coxxygal pair of spinal nerves
|
1
|
|
