Pt - Test 2

Front 1

Function of Low Frequency Currents

Back 1

Strengthen/Rehab muscle, dec pain and dec spasm

Front 2

2 types of low freq modalities

Back 2

DC (Low Volt, HV) and AC(Sine, Faradic

Front 3

Two or more elements

Back 3

Compound

Front 4

Smallest particle of an element that can take place in a chemical reaction

Back 4

Atom

Front 5

Electrons displaced or added to or from an atom

Back 5

Ionization

Front 6

Which ions help move edema?

Back 6

Sodium

Front 7

1 volt

Back 7

1 ampere when applied to a conductor of 1 ohm

Front 8

Capacity of an object is charged to 1 volt by 1 coulomb of electricity, unit of capacitance

Back 8

Farad

Front 9

Quantity of electricity transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second

Back 9

Coulomb

Front 10

Pathway that electrons move, flow produced by a difference along a pathway

Back 10

Circuit

Front 11

Body tissues that are in series resistance

Back 11

Skin and fat

Front 12

Body tissues that are in parallel resistance

Back 12

Muscle, blood, tendon, and bone

Front 13

Ohm's Law

Back 13

E=IR (Electromotive Force=(Intensity x Resistance)

Front 14

Electrons always move in same direction between poles

Back 14

DC

Front 15

Continuous change in polarity beetween the two ends of a circuit

Back 15

AC

Front 16

cycles of AC are used for what?

Back 16

To tetanize a muscle

Front 17

When using electrotherapy, we use ______ to push the ______ through the body.

Back 17

Voltage; current

Front 18

Current can cause what injury?

Back 18

Burns

Front 19

T/F: Voltage can cause burns

Back 19

False

Front 20

Increased current = _____ depth

Back 20

Increased

Front 21

Amt of current needed to produce muscular contraction

Back 21

Rheobase (intensity)

Front 22

2 x Rheobase =

Back 22

Chronaxie

Front 23

Stimulation of a medium frequency current of constant amplitude inducing a maximum number of action potentials leading to anesthesia

Back 23

Wedensky inhibition

Front 24

aka sine wave

Back 24

Muscle stim

Front 25

Side benefits of EMS

Back 25

1) dec spasticity, 2) lymph drainage, 3) phlebothrombosis removal, 4) dec atrophy

Front 26

T/F: Electricity can break up adhesions.

Back 26

False. Force of contraction does this.

Front 27

Indications for EMS

Back 27

1) Muscle hypertonicity
2) Atrophy
3) Pain
4) Edema
5) Passive exercise

Front 28

Contraindications for EMS

Back 28

1) Diminished sensation

Front 29

Surge setting on EMS does what?

Back 29

Tones muscles

Front 30

Continuous muscle stim does what?

Back 30

Edema reduction

Front 31

T/F: Pain relief of EMS is exceptional.

Back 31

False

Front 32

Function of Tetanizing setting on EMS

Back 32

Dec spasm

Front 33

Function of automatic setting on EMS

Back 33

1 minute each of surge, tetanizing and continuous

Front 34

aka Pulsed EMS

Back 34

Continuous EMS

Front 35

Minimum of ___ pps to achieve contraction of one muscle fiber using EMS.

Back 35

30

Front 36

Minimum of ___ pps to achieve tetany using EMS.

Back 36

50

Front 37

A sensation of severe discomfort, suffering, or distress because of sensory receptor provocation that is difficult to ignore.

Back 37

Pain

Front 38

Two components of pain

Back 38

Physical and mental

Front 39

Speed of A alpha pain fibers

Back 39

6-40 m/s

Front 40

Type A alpha fibers convey what?

Back 40

Pressure and touch

Front 41

T/F: A alpha fibers are myelinated.

Back 41

True

Front 42

Unmyelinated postganglionic pain fibers

Back 42

Type C

Front 43

Speed of C fibers

Back 43

0.5-2.0 m/s

Front 44

Pain fibers that convey a vague sense of location, burning, sclerodermic pain

Back 44

C fibers

Front 45

Pain fibers that have muscle afferent and efferents

Back 45

A alpha

Front 46

Stimulating of which fibers act as a pain gate?

Back 46

A fibers

Front 47

Melzack and Wall revision to gate theory

Back 47

Non-nociceptive and nociceptive neurons responsible for pain gate.

Front 48

Chemicals associated with pain

Back 48

Bradykinin and histamine

Front 49

4 causes of pain

Back 49

1) Chemical
2) Tissue ischemia
3) Muscle spasm
4) Postexertional

Front 50

2 types of postexertional causes of pain

Back 50

1) immediate- hours
2) delayed- 24-48 hrs later

Front 51

Syndrome that begins with spasm leading to joint stiffness, weakness and eventual pain

Back 51

Deconditioning syndrome

Front 52

M/C/C of pain

Back 52

Mechanical

Front 53

Central objective of pain

Back 53

Thrombosis, paralysis, loss of joint position sense

Front 54

Peripheral objective of pain

Back 54

intrinsic(sprain) or extrinsic (pinprick)

Front 55

Subjective pain

Back 55

Derived from mental processes

Front 56

How can you tell the difference between mechanical and visceral pain?

Back 56

You can reproduce mechanical pain