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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fluid intake number
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2200-2700 ml/day
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fluid output number
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2200-2700 ml/day
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ECF AND ICF
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extracellular fluid (vascular, interstitial)
intracellular fluid (inside cell) |
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Fluid volume deficit-what is it and types?
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types-isotonic( hypovolumia) and dehydration (loss of water ONLY)
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signs of fluid volume deficits
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increase heart rate, thirst, respiratory rate
decreased weight, skin turgor, blood pressure, oxygen levels, urine output |
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LAB VALUES OF FVD
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hct greater than 3
bun greater than 20 urine specific gravity greater than 1.039 serum osmolarity greater than 300 na serun greater than 145 |
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Fluid Volume excess what is it and what types?
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isotonic (hypervolumia) and overhydration (gain of water only)
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signs of FVE
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decrease aldosterone
increase natriuretic peptides increase pulse increase blood pressure edema and weight increase crackles in lungs dyspnea JVD CONFUSION |
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lab values of FVE
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lowered hct
lowered serum os (less than 280) lowered sodium (less than 135) pulmonary congestion respiratory alkalosis |
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Hypotonic solutions
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draw water into cell (swells)
0.225% saline 1/4 NS 0.45% saline 1/2 NS |
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Isotonic solution
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keep fluid balance (no shriveling or swelling)
0.9% saline NS Ringer's Lactate Lactated Ringers RL or LR |
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Hypertonic solutions
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draws water out of cell (shrivels)
3% saline 5% saline |
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Hypernatremia
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treat with hypotonic
greater than 145-results in high BP, urine output dry mouth confused restless increase heart rate edema decreased muscle strength |
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hyponatremia
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treat with isotonic
use hypotonic if severe less than 136 increased pulse confusion headache lethargy seizures decreased muscle strength low blood pressure |
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hyperkalemia
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greater than 5
decreased heart rate decrease BP, urine confused, weak EKG changes metabolic aciddosis |
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hypokalemia
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less than 3.5
decrease bowel sounds constipation decrease reflexes arrhythmias muscle cramps weakness pulse is irregular and weak |
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hypercalcemia
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greater than 10.5
EKG changes decreased LOC constipation |
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hypocalcemia
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less than 9
trousseau's and tingling/numbess decreased pulse-ekg changes diarrhea chvostek's sign low bp low heart rate |
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hypermagnesia
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greater than 2.4
decreased respiratory rate decrease heart rate and BO decreased level of consciousness EKG changes |
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hypomagnesia
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less than 1.7
increased muscle spasms increase BP AND HEART RATE constipation |
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normal urinary output
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1200-1500 mLs daily
more than 30mLS every two hours |
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normal BUN AND CREATININE
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BUN=10-20
Creatinine=0.5-1.2 |
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normal phosphorus levels
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2.5 to 5
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