Pt 741 Neuroscience Ch.1 Questions

Front 1

What is the functional unit of the nervous system?

Back 1

Nueron

Front 2

Describe the pathways of three different messaging neurons.

Back 2

Neurons that convey information into the central nervous system are afferent.

Neurons that transmit information from the central nervous system to peripheral structures are efferent.

Neurons that connect only with other neurons are interneurons.

Front 3

What are glia?

Back 3

Non-nueronal cells that provide services for the neurons.

Front 4

List the 4 regions of the nervous system.

Back 4

Peripheral Nervous System, Spinal Region, Brainstem and Cerbellar Region, and Cerebral

Front 5

5. What structures make-up the brain stem?

Back 5

Medulla, pons, and midbrain

Front 6

6. Where is the diencephalon and what structures are involved?

Back 6

It is in the Cerebrum and the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus are invlolved.

Front 7

7. Which two arteries supply the brain?

Back 7

Internal Carotid and vertebral

Front 8

What is white matter composed of and why is it white?

Back 8

White matter is composed of axons connecting the cerebral cortex with central nervous system areas. It is white because of fat and high myelin content

Front 9

What is Rostral?

Back 9

Towards the head similar to cranial

Front 10

10. Bundles of myelinated axons that travel together in the CNS are called…?

Back 10

Tract, lemniscus, fasiculus, column, peduncle, or capsule.

Front 11

11. What is gray matter composed of?

Back 11

Neuron cell bodies

Front 12

12. What is the DRG (dorsal root ganglion)?

Back 12

Cell bodies of sensory neurons.

Front 13

14. The white matter is divided into three areas—list them.

Back 13

Dorsal, Lateral, and Anterior columns.

Front 14

15. What are the two main functions of the spinal cord?

Back 14

Convey information between the neurons connected to peripheral structures and the brain, and to process information.

Front 15

16. How many cranial nerves attach to the Pons?

Back 15

Four (5,6,7,8 pons)

Front 16

17. Why are the colliculi important?

Back 16

They are important for orientation to auditory and visual stimuli.

Front 17

18. How many cranial nerves are there?

Back 17

12

Front 18

19. Which cranial nerves are purely sensory?

Back 18

Olfactory, Optic, vestibulocochlear

Front 19

20. Which cranial nerves are primarily motor?

Back 19

Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens, Accessory, Hypoglossal

Front 20

21. Which cranial nerves are mixed?

Back 20

Trigenminal, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus.

Front 21

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Back 21

Coordinate movements

Front 22

What are the functions of the Thalamic nuclei (Thalamus)?

Back 22

1. Relay information to cortex

2. Process emotion and memory

3. Integrate different types of sensation (i.e. touch, visual)

4. Regulate consciousness, arousal and attention

Front 23

What are the functions of the Hypothalamus?

Back 23

1. Maintains body temperature
2. Metabolic rate
3. Chemical composition of tissues and fluids
4. Regulates eating, growth, and function of reproductive organs
5. Defensive behaviors and expression of emotions

Front 24

What is the function of the the Epithalamus (pineal gland)?

Back 24

Influences secretion of other endocrine glands (pituitary and adrenal)

Front 25

What is the function of the Subthalamus?

Back 25

Part of the neural circuit controlling movement. Not much of a solid structure

Front 26

What does the pineal gland do?

Back 26

Influences secretion of other endocrine glands (pituitary and adrenal)

Front 27

List the 6 lobes of the cerebral hemispheres.

Back 27

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Limbic, Insular

Front 28

What are commissures, and what do they function to do?

Back 28

They are bundles of axons that convey info between left and right cortices

Front 29

What does the cerebral cortex process?

Back 29

Sensory, motor, and memory information.

Front 30

List additional gray matter structures that are located within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres.

Back 30

Basal ganglia, within the basal ganglia caudate, putamen, and globus palidus. Putamen and globus pallidus together are called the lenticular nucleus. Caudate and putamen is the corpus striatum.

Front 31

What does the basal ganglia do?

Back 31

Helps to control movement

Front 32

What is the limbic system composed of, and what is its function?

Back 32

Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Limbic cortex (cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and uncus (a medial protrusion of the parahippocampal gyrus),Amygdala, Insula, and hippocampus. Function: involved with emotions and the processing of some types of memory

Front 33

List the 4 ventricles of the brain

Back 33

3rd,4th, and two Lateral

Front 34

What structure produces CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)?

Back 34

Choroid plexus

Front 35

What is the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli?

Back 35

Falx- separates the cerebral hemispheres
Tentorium- separates the posterior cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum

Front 36

Why do we have dural sinuses?

Back 36

Return cerebrospinal fluid and venous blood to the jugular veins.

Front 37

Describe the route of venous blood in the brain.

Back 37

Blood from the cerebrum drains into the dural sinuses which goes into the jugular vein

Front 38

List three different categorizations of lesions and describe each.

Back 38

Focal: limited to a single location.
Multifocal: limited to several, nonsymmetrical locations.
Diffuse: affecting bilaterally symmetrical structrues but does not cross the midline as a single lesion.

Front 39

With regard to nervous system dysfunction, speed of onset is classified as:

Back 39

Acute, Subacute, Chronic.