Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system (think broad)?
|
control over bodily functions that are primarily involuntary
|
|
|
Where are the ANS portions of the spinal cord and what are they known for?
|
sympathetic (T1-L3)-- thoracolumbar, controls fight or flight
parasympathetic -- craniosacral (CN 3, 7, 9, 10) and S2-S4, rest and digest |
|
|
what are the 2 types of neurons?
|
1. preganglionic
2. postganglionic the synapse usually occurs in the autonomic ganglion |
|
|
Somatic nervous system:
1. location of origin 2. length of neuron 3. neurotransmitter 4. receptor (end organ) |
1. spinal cord
2. long alpha motor neuron extending from spinal cord to skeletal muscle 3. Ach (cholinergic, nicotinic) 4. skeletal muscle -- causes contractions |
|
|
Sympathetic nervous system:
1. location of origin 2. length of neuron 3. neurotransmitter 4. receptor (end organ) |
1. T1-L3
2. preganglionic = short (closer to the spinal cord) postganglionic = longer 3. preganglionic = Ach (cholinergic, nicotinic) postganglionic = NE (adrenaline, adrenergic) and Ach (muscarinic) 4. adrenergic = smooth muscles and glands muscarinic = sweat glands |
|
|
Parasympathetic nervous system:
1. location of origin 2. length of neuron 3. neurotransmitter 4. receptor (end organ) |
1. CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and S2-S4
2. longer preganglionic, shorter postganglionic (on or near receptor tissue) 3. preganglionic = Ach (nicotoinic) postganglionic = Ach (muscarinic) 4. smooth muscle, glands |
|
|
How does the parasympathetic nervous system get a more target specific result than the sympathetic nervous system?
|
releases Ach at the target tissue (short postganglionic)
|
|
|
adrenal medulla (sympathetic):
1. location of origin 2. length of neuron 3. neurotransmitter 4. receptor (end organ) |
1. adrenal medulla
2. short preganglionic (then goes straight to circulation) 3. Ach (nicotonic) 4. synapse at the adrenal medulla sending Epinephrine and norepinephrine into cirulation |
|
|
Which has only preganglionin neurons?
|
adrenal medulla
|
|
|
Ach goes with which receptor? What are the 2 subcategories of this receptor?
|
cholinergic receptor
1. muscarinic 2. nicotinic |
|
|
What receptor does NE go with? What are the subtypes under this receptor?
|
adrenergic receptor
1. Alpha (alpha 1 and alpha 2) 2. beta (beta 1 and beta 2) |
|
|
What happens to a tissue if it is innervated by BOTH the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS?
|
one increases tissue function while the other decreases it
|
|
|
What is autonomic control? Example?
|
maintaning homeostasis via peripheral sensor
Example: baroreceptor sensing pressure changes in arteries of thorax and neck, sends feedback to brainstem and causes changes in ANS signaling to maintain normal blood pressure |
|
|
What is the pharmacological significance of receptor types?
|
drugs are developed to affect certain organs while minimizing effects at other organs
|
|
|
What are the 3 "BUTs" about developing drugs to effect specific organs while minimizing effects at others?
|
1. a drug that binds preferentially to a receptor will bind at all of its locations
2. no drug is entirely specific for the receptor subtype 3. organs/tissues do not contain only one subtype of receptor |
|
|
SNS
What is the primary receptor type of the eye? Function? |
- alpha 1
- dilation of the pupil |
|
|
SNS
What is the primary receptor type of the blood vessels? Function? |
- alpha 1, 2 and beta 2
- skin/visercal constriction (alphas) - skeletal muscle/liver dilation (beta) |
|
|
SNS
What is the primary receptor type of the lungs? Function? |
- beta 2
- bronchodilation |
|
|
SNS
What is the primary receptor type of the heart? Function? |
- beta 1 (or beta 2)
- increase heart rate - increase myocyte contractility |
|
|
SNS
What is the primary receptor type of the sweat glands? Function? |
- Ach (muscarinic)
- increase sweating |
|
|
SNS
What is the primary receptor type of the liver? Function? |
- alpha and beta 2
- glycogenalasis (new glucose) - glycogenolysis |
|
|
SNS
What is the primary receptor type of the adrenal medulla? Function? |
-Ach
- increase secretion of norepinephrine and ephinephrine |
|
|
SNS
What is the primary receptor type of the GI/stomach? Function? |
- alpha 1, 2 and beta 1, 2
- decrease motility |
|
|
SNS
What is the primary receptor type of the bladder? Function? |
alpha 1 and beta 2
- contraction of sphincter (alpha 1) - relaxation of detrussor (beta 2) |
|
|
SNS
What is the primary receptor type of the adipose cells? Function? |
- alpha 2, beta 1, 2
- increase lypolysis |
|
|
What receptor does the PNS generally use?
|
Ach (muscarinic) and it is almost always nicotinic at the ganglion
"preganglionic nerve releases Ach at ganglion which acts at nicotonic receptor of postganglionic nerve. postganglionic nerve then releases Ach to stimulate muscarinic receptors of target organ." |
|
|
What is the PNS function of the eye?
|
- constriction of the pupil (sphincter muscle)
|
|
|
What is the PNS function of the blood vessels?
|
there is no parasympathetic function
|
|
|
What is the PNS function of the lungs?
|
- bronchoconstriction (decrease in airway radius)
|
|
|
What is the PNS function of the heart?
|
- decrease heart rate
- decrease myocyte contractility |
|
|
What is the PNS function of the sweat gland?
|
there is no parasympathetic function
|
|
|
What is the PNS function of the liver?
|
there is no parasympathetic function
|
|
|
What is the PNS function of the adrenal medulla?
|
there is no parasympathetic function
|
|
|
What is the PNS function of the GI/stomach?
|
- increased motility
|
|
|
What is the PNS function of the bladder?
|
- sphincter relaxation
- detrussor contraction |
|
|
What is the PNS function of the adipose cells?
|
decrease lipolysis
|
|
|
What are 4 structures that only receive sympathetic innervation (not parasympathetic)?
|
1. blood vessels
2. sweat glands 3. liver 4. adrenal medulla |
