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153 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Force equals..
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Mass times Acceleration
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Force is..
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a push or a pull
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Mass is..
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the total amount of matter in an object
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Weight is..
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the measurement of gravity times mass
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Torque is..
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the force like quantity in rotational mechanical system
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Net force..
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the sum of two forces
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What are Prime Movers?
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pressure difference,voltage, and temperature difference
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How is Density found?
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dividing mass by volume
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What is a hydrometer used for?
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measure density or specific gravity in liquids
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Pressure is measured how?
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dividing a unit of force by a unit of area
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What are manometers used for?
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measure pressure differences
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What are the two types of fluids?
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hydraulic (liquid) and pneumatic (gas)
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Which is compressible and which is not?
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Gas (compressible), Liquid (not compressible)
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When does pressure increase?
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with depth
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Absolute pressure is reference to what?
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zero pressure
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Ratio of an object's weight to its volume is..
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Weight Density
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DC and AC are two forms of what?
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Voltage
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Measures voltage difference..
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Voltmeter
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Multimeters measure what?
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voltage, amperage, and resistance
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What is the positive and negative end of a pole?
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anode (positive) and cathode (negative)
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Electrical circuits contain what?
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source, conductors, load and may also contain a control element
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What acts as a prime mover in thermal systems?
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Temperature Difference
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Form of energy characterized by the vibrating movement of atoms and molecules.
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Heat
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Measure of average energy of motion of molecules in a substance.
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Temperature
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Use three wires of two different metals to measure temperature.
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Thermocouples
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Where is the degree symbol placed when giving the temperature and a temperature difference?
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After when giving a temp.; before when giving a difference
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Work equals..
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force (or force like quantity) times distance (or a displacement like quantity)
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Work going into a sytem.
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Input Work
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Work done by a system.
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Output Work
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Efficiency is what?
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Output Work divided by Input Work, times 100.
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Spring Scales are used to measure what?
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Input and Output force
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Rotation Mechanical System work equals?
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torque multiplied by the angle through which the lever arm moves
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Basic English unit of work..
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foot-pound
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Basic SI unit of work..
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Newton-meter
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Linear Mechanical Work is..
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performed when a mass is moved in a straight line
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Angular Mechanical Work is..
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performed when a mss is moved around an axis or rotation
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Fluid Work is equal to..
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pressure difference times the volume moved
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When you are given a height of a fluid you also must know what?
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weight density
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What does fluid do in a closed fluid system?
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reused
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Spring Scales are used to measure what?
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Input and Output force
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There is no such thing as what?
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Linear or Angular fluid work
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Rotation Mechanical System work equals?
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torque multiplied by the angle through which the lever arm moves
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Basic English unit of work..
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foot-pound
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Basic SI unit of work..
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Newton-meter
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Linear Mechanical Work is..
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performed when a mass is moved in a straight line
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Spring Scales are used to measure what?
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Input and Output force
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Angular Mechanical Work is..
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performed when a mss is moved around an axis or rotation
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Fluid Work is equal to..
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pressure difference times the volume moved
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Rotation Mechanical System work equals?
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torque multiplied by the angle through which the lever arm moves
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When you are given a height of a fluid you also must know what?
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weight density
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Basic English unit of work..
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foot-pound
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What does fluid do in a closed fluid system?
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reused
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Basic SI unit of work..
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Newton-meter
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There is no such thing as what?
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Linear or Angular fluid work
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Linear Mechanical Work is..
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performed when a mass is moved in a straight line
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Angular Mechanical Work is..
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performed when a mss is moved around an axis or rotation
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Fluid Work is equal to..
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pressure difference times the volume moved
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When you are given a height of a fluid you also must know what?
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weight density
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What does fluid do in a closed fluid system?
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reused
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There is no such thing as what?
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Linear or Angular fluid work
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Work done by a piston is found how?
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pressure exerted by a piston multiplied by the area of the piston face
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Cross-sectional area of a cylinder can be found by..
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multiplying 0.7854 by the diameter^2
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Electrical work is..
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when a voltage move a specified amount of electrical charge
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Coulomb is equal to what?
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6.25 times 10^18 electrons
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How is eletrical charge can be calculated how?
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multiplying amperes by time
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What is the basic unit of electrical work?
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joule
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Input work performed by an electrical pump or motor with be given in..
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joule
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Rate is..
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displacement like quantity divided by elapsed time
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Velocity is the measure of what?
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Linear Mechanical Work
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How is speed different from velocity?
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it's scalar
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What are the units of linear mechanical rate?
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foot per second (English) and meter per second (SI)
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Angular rate is expressed how?
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radians per second (SI) and revs per minute (English)
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How many radians are there in one rev.?
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6.28 radians
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What is a stroboscope used to measure?
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Angular Rate
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Acceleration is..
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the rate at which speed increases or decreases; foot/sec^2 (English) meter/sec^2 (SI)
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What is flow rate?
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the volume of fluid moved in a given period of time
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What are the units of fluid flow?
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gal/min and cubic ft/sec (English) cubic m/sec (SI)
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Thichness of a fluid is..
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Viscosity
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At the same pressure which will have a higher flow rate a smaller pipe or larger pipe?
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Larger Pipe
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Electrical Rate is..
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amount of charge moved in a given period of time
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Electrical current flow is measure in what?
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Amps
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one milliampere is equal to how many amps?
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1/1000 amps
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one microampere is equal to how many amps?
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1*10^6 amps
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An ammeter is used to measure what?
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Current
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Hertz is the measure of what?
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Frequency
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Oscilloscope measures what?
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Frequency as well as voltage waveform
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Qh is the measure of what?
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Heat Flow Rate
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Heat Flow Rate is..
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the amount of heat energy transferred through a substance in a unit of time
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What are the units of heat?
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Btu (English) and calorie (SI)
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What is a dewar flask used for?
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contain and store heat energy
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What is a thermocouple thermometer used for?
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measure heat flow rate
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Equation for resistance.
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resistance equals a force-like quantity divided by a rate
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Two forms of resistance are?
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friction and drag
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Equation for the force of friction.
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f equals force times coefficient of friction
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Equation for drag resistance.
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resistance equals force divided by velocity
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What is drag resistance resulted from?
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the disruption of airflow as an object moves
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What must be overcome to start an object?
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Sliding Friction
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What must be overcome to keep the object moving?
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Kinetic Friction
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Static Friction is always greater than _____ Friction.
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Kinetic
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How can friction be reduced?
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Adding lubricants
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Resistance generated by a solid moving through a fluid is known as?
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Fluid Resistance
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What is laminar flow?
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fluid moves around the object in layers
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What is fluid resistance?
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when transporting a liquid by heating the liquid
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Formula for calculating fluid resistance.
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Rf=Dp/Qv
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Electrical Resistance equals..
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voltage difference divided by electrical current flow
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Ohm's Law..
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the standard equation for calculating electrical resistance
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Electrical resistance results when..
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electrons run into metal atoms inside wires
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Resistors are..
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used to control the amount of voltage in a circuit
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Conductors are..
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materials such as copper and solder that permit the free flow of electrons
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Insulators are..
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materials such as plastic and ceramic that do not permit the free flow of electrons
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Semi-Conductors are..
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materials such as silicon that allow some current to pass through
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Resistivity is..
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the quality of a material that describes how much it permits electricity to flow through it
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Total resistance is found by adding the resistance values in the circuit; what circuit is this?
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Series Circuit
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Total resistance is found with the following formula: Rtot=(R1R2)/(R1+R2); what circuit is this?
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Parallel Circuit
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What is thermal resistance?
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Opposition to the flow of heat through a material
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Thermal Conductivity is..
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the quality of a material that describes how well it transmits heat
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Conductivity is the opposite of what?
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resistivity
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R-Value is what?
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the rating of a material based on its ability to resist heat flow
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Formula for calculating thermal resistance..
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Rt=l/kA
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Energy is..
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the abilty to do work
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Energy used to overcome resistance in a system is lost to the form of what?
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Heat
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What is Potential Energy?
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energy stored in a mechanical, fluid, or electrical device by virtue of a change in shape or position
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Formula for Potential Energy..
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Ep=force * height
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What is Gravitational Potential Energy?
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energy that an object has because it has been raised against the gravitational pull of the Earth
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What is Elastic Potential Energy?
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energy that an object has because its shape has been temporarily changed
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Spring Constant is founded by..
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k= force required to stretch spring/distance spring is stretched (k=f/d)
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Compress Spring Formula..
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Ep=kd^2
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Potential Energy of Water..
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Ep=weight of water times height
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What is Kinetic Energy?
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energy of motion possessed by a moving body
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Formula for Kinetic Energy..
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Ek=1/2mv^2
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Moment of Ineritia is what?
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the quantity that acts like a mass in rotational mechanical systems
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What is total energy equal to?
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sum of potiental energy and the kinetic energy
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What are Capacitors?
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electronic devices consisting of condutors separated by insulators
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What is Capacitance?
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measure of farads
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Inductors are what?
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electronic devices that consist of a coil wire wrapped around a core
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Inductance is measured in what?
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henries
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How is Thermal Energy connected to work?
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when work is done energy is lost in the form of heat
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Formula for Heat.,
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H=mcDT
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What is Mechanical Equivalent of Heat?
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mathematical quantity that equates a unit of heat in calories or Btu to the same amount of energy in mechanical units of joules or foot-pounds
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What are the units of energy?
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Calories and Btu
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What is heat that is added to or subtracted during a change of state from a solid to liquid or other way around?
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Latent Heat
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Conduction is what?
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the movement of heat energy from warmer regions to cooler regions by the direct transfer of molecular vibration
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Convection is what?
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transfer of heat energy by movemet of a fluid from one region to another
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Radiation is what?
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transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic radiation
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Power is what?
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the rate of doing work
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Equation for power is..
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P=work/time
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Units of power..
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foot-pounds/sec, horsepower (English); watts (SI)
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One watt is equal to what?
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one joule per sec
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One horsepower is equal to what?
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550 foot-pounds/sec
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One horsepower equals?
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746 watts
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Kilowatt-hour is a unit of what?
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Energy
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Formula for power in a rotational mechanical system..
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P= torque times angular rate
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Formula for power in a fluid system..
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P= pressure difference times flow rate
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