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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the formula for force?
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Force=Mass x Acceleration
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What is force?
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A push or pull that causes a change in shape or a change in motion
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What is mass?
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The total amount of matter in an object
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What is weight?
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The measurement of gravity times mass
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What is torque?
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The fore-like quantity in rotational mechanical systems
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What is net force?
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When 2 objects' forces are added up when they are acting in the same direction
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What are prime movers?
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"Force-like" quantities that act in the same way as a force does in a mechanical system
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What is density?
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Mass/Volume
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What does a hydrometer do?
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It measures density or specific gravity in liquids
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What is pressure?
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Unit of force/Unit of area, units include psi, g/cm^2, and kg/m^2
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What do manometers do?
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They measure pressure differences
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What are the 2 types of fluid systems?
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Hydraulic and pneumatic
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Gasses are _____________
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Compressible
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________ increases with depth in a fluid
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Pressure
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What is absolute pressure?
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the measured in reference to a vaccum (zero pressure)
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What is weight density?
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The ratio of an object's weight to its volume
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What is voltage?
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Comes in 2 forms, AC and DC, is a prime mover
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What do voltmeters measure?
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Voltage difference
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What do multimeters measure?
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Voltage, amperage, and resistance
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What is the positive pole on a battery called?
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Anode
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What makes up an electrical circuit?
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Source, conductors, a load, and a control element
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What is temperature difference?
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A prime mover in thermal systems because heat always moves from hot to cold areas
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How is heat characterized?
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By the vibrating movement of atoms and molecules
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__________ is the average energy of motion of molecules in a substance
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Temperature
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What are thermocouples?
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3 wires of 2 different metals to measure temperature
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Where is the degree symbol placed if a number is a temp. difference?
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Before the number
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____ = Force x Distance
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Work
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Input work is _____________
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the work going into a system
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Output work is _______________
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the work that the system puts out
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What is the formula for efficiency?
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Wo/Wi x 100%
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Spring scales measure ____________
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Input and output work
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In rotational mechanical systems, work is equal to lever arm x _______
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Torque
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What is the basic unit of work? (English)
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Foot-pound
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What is the basic unit of work? (SI)
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Newton-meter
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How is linear mechanical work done?
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When mass is moved in a straight line
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How is angular mechanical work done?
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When mass is moved around an axis
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What can mechanical work do?
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Start moving, stop moving, or change the direction of an object
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What is the formula to find fluid work?
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W=p x DV
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If you know weight density, what else must you know to solve for fluid work?
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The height of the fluid
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In a closed fluid system, fluid is _____
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Reused
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There is no such thing as _______ or _______
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Linear or angular fluid work
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Pressure exerted by a piston times the area of the piston face equals the ____ done by the piston
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Work
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The cross-sectional area of a cylinder can be found by multiplying _______ by the diameter^2
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0.7854
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What is the formula for electrical work?
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EW=V x q
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A coulomb is equal to __________ electrons
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6.25 x 10^18
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How can you calculate electrical charge?
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Amperes x time
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What is the basic unit of electrical work?
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Joules
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Input work preformed by an electrical pump or motor will be given in _____.
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Joules
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What is a rate?
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A displacement-like quantity divided by elapsed time
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What is velocity measure as?
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Linear mechanical work
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Speed is similar to _______
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Velocity
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What are the units of linear mechanical rate?
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foot per second and meter per second
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How is angular rate expressed?
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radians per second and revolutions per minute
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How many radians are in one revolution?
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6.28 radians
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What is a stroboscope?
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A tool that measures angular rate.
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What is the definition of acceleration?
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A rate at which speed increases or decreases.
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What is the symbol for volume flow rate?
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Qv
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What are the units of fluid flow?
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Gallons/minutes, cubic feet/second, and cubic meters per second.
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What is viscosity?
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The quality of a substance related to its thickness.
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How does the flow rate of a big pipe compare to that of a little pipe under the same pressure?
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The big pipe has a higher flow rate
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What is electrical rate?
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The amount of charge moved in a given period of time
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What is electrical rate measured in?
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Amperes
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One milliampere in equal to ________
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1/1000 amps
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How many radians are in one revolution?
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6.28 radians
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What is a stroboscope?
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A tool that measures angular rate.
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What is the definition of acceleration?
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A rate at which speed increases or decreases.
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What is the symbol for volume flow rate?
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Qv
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What are the units of fluid flow?
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Gallons/minutes, cubic feet/second, and cubic meters per second.
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What is viscosity?
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The quality of a substance related to its thickness.
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How does the flow rate of a big pipe compare to that of a little pipe under the same pressure?
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The big pipe has a higher flow rate
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What is electrical rate?
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The amount of charge moved in a given period of time
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What is electrical rate measured in?
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Amperes
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One milliampere in equal to ________
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1/1000 amps
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How many radians are in one revolution?
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6.28 radians
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What is a stroboscope?
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A tool that measures angular rate.
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What is the definition of acceleration?
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A rate at which speed increases or decreases.
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What is the symbol for volume flow rate?
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Qv
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What are the units of fluid flow?
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Gallons/minutes, cubic feet/second, and cubic meters per second.
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What is viscosity?
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The quality of a substance related to its thickness.
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How does the flow rate of a big pipe compare to that of a little pipe under the same pressure?
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The big pipe has a higher flow rate
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What is electrical rate?
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The amount of charge moved in a given period of time
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What is electrical rate measured in?
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Amperes
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One milliampere in equal to ________
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1/1000 amps
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What is the purpose of a dewer flask?
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To contain and store heat energy
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What can a thermocouple thermometer do?
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Measure heat flow rate
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What is the unifying equation for resistance?
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Resistance = force / rate
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What are the 2 forms of resistance in a mechanical system?
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Friction and drag
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What is the equation for the force of friction?
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Force of friction = force x coefficient of friction
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What is the equation of drag resistance?
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resistance = force / velocity
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What must be overcome to start an object in motion?
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Sliding friction
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What must be overcome to keep and object in motion?
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Kinetic friction
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Static friction is always _______ than kinetic friction
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greater
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What can help reduce friction?
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Lubricants
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What is laminar flow?
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The opposite of turbulent flow
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What is the formula for fluid resistance?
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Rf = Dp / Qv
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What is the formula for electrical resistance?
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Re = DV / I
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What are resistors used for?
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They control amounts of voltage in a circuit
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What are some good conductors?
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Copper and solder
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What are some good insulators?
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Plastic and ceramic
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What is an example of a semi-conductor?
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Silicon
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What is resistivity?
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The quality of material that describes how much it permits electricity to flow through it
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What is thermal resistance?
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The opposition to the flow of heat through a material
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Thermal resistance equation
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Rt = DT / Qh
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What is the r-value of something?
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How well is can resist heat flow
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What is energy?
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The ability to do work
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What is potential energy?
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Stored energy
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What is the formula for pot energy?
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Ep = Force x Height
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What is gravitational potential energy?
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The energy an object has because it has been raised against the gravitational pull of Earth
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What is elastic potential energy?
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Energy the object has because its shape has been temporarily changed
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