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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gender |
The cultural, social and psychology meanings that are associated with maleness and femaleness. |
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Gender Role Stereotypes |
The beliefs and expectations people hold about the typical characteristics, preferences and behavior of men and woman. |
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Benevolent Sexism |
Benevolent sexism is a chivalrous attitude toward women that feels favorable but is actually sexist because it casts women as weak creatures in need of men's protection. |
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Social Learning Theory |
Contends that gender roles are learned through reinforcement, punishment and molding. Television, books, games, films. |
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Gender Schema Theory |
Contends that children develop mental categories (schemas) for masculinity and femininity. |
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Evolutionary Theories |
Gender differences are the result of generations of the dual forces of parental investment and sexual selection. |
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Interactionist Theory |
A combination of the other theories used to describe gender roles. |
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General Theories of sexual orientation |
Nature vs. Nurture Environmental- upbringing, social, biological, psychological, exposure to hormones or Genetics- genes, heredity |
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Hypo-active sexual desire disorder |
Little or no sexual desire |
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Genito pelvic pain Penetration disorder |
Women who experience pain before, during or after intercourse. |
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Female Orgasmic Disorder |
Woman who experience distress over constant delays in achieving orgasm or the complete inability to achieve orgasm. |
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Erectile Dysfunction |
Can you get it up? |
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Male Orgasmic Disorder |
An male who can achieve erection but not orgasm. |
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Premature ejaculation |
Sexual climax too soon, often before or shortly after penetration. |
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Paraphilic Disorder |
When what a person finds sexually desirable is not socially accepted. |
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Personality |
An individuals unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. |
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Personality Theory |
A theory that attempts to describe and explain similarities and differences in people's patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. |
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Psychoanalysis (in personality) |
Freud's theory of personality which emphasizes unconscious determinants of behavior, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives and the enduring effects of early childhood experiences on later personality development. |
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Free association |
A technique where a subject spontaneously reports thoughts, feelings or mental images that arise reveling unconscious thoughts, and emotions. |
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Unconscious |
In Freud's theory, a term used to describe thoughts, feelings, wishes and drives that are operating below the level of conscious awareness. |
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ID |
In Freud's theory, The completely unconscious, irrational component of personality that seeks immediate satisfaction of instinctual urges. Ruled by pleasure. Latin for it. |
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Eros |
The self preserving or life instinct |
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Libido |
The psychological and emotional energy associated with expressions of sexual energy; sexual desire. |
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Thanatos |
The death instinct reflected in self destructive actions and aggression. |
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Pleasure Principle |
The motivation to obtain pleasure and avoid tension and discomfort. The guiding principle of the ID. |
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Ego |
In Freud's theory, the partly conscious rational component of personality that regulates thoughts and behavior. Latin for I. |
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Reality Principle |
The capacity to accommodate external demands by postponing gratification until the appropriate time exists. |
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Superego |
In Freud's theory, the partly conscious, self-evaluating, moral component of personality. Formed through internalizing parental and society rules. |
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Ego defense mechanisms |
largely unconscious distortions of thoughts or perceptions that act to reduce anxiety. |
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Repression |
The unconscious exclusion of anxiety provoking thoughts, feelings, and memories from conscious awareness. The most fundamental ego defense mechanism. |
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Displacement |
The ego defense mechanism that involves unconsciously shifting the target of an emotional urge to a substitute target that is less threatening or dangerous. |
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Sublimation |
A form of displacement. An ego defense mechanism that involves redirecting sexual urges towards socially acceptable nonsexual activities. Ex: A pedophile that photographs children for a living until they act on their socially unacceptable urges. |
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Psychosexual stages |
In Freud's theory, age-related developmental periods in which a child's sexual urges are focused on different areas of the body and are expressed through activities associated with those areas. |
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Oedipus complex |
In Freud's theory, a child's unconscious sexual desire for the opposite sex parent. Accompanied by hostile feelings towards the same sex parent. |
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Identification (in psychoanalytic theory) |
An ego defense mechanism that involves reducing anxiety by imitating the behavior and characteristics of another person. |
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Collective unconscious |
In Jung's theory, the hypothesized part of the unconscious mind that is inherited from previous generations and that contains universally shared ancestral experiences and ideas. |
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Archetypes |
In Jung's theory, the inherited mental images of universal human instincts, themes and preoccupations that are the main components of the collective unconscious. |
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Humanistic psychology (theory of personality) |
The theoretical viewpoint on personality that generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, human potential, self actualization, the self concept, and healthy personality development. |
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Actualizing tendency |
In Carl Roger's theory, the innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism. |
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Self-concept |
The set of perceptions and beliefs that you hold about yourself. |
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Conditional Positive Regard |
In Carl Rogers's theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved only if you behave in a way that is acceptable to others. |
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Unconditional Positive regard |
In Carl Rogers's theory, the sense that you will be valued and loved even if you don't conform. |
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Social cognitive theory |
Albert Bandura's theory of personality which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive process, social experiences, self-efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determination. |
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reciprocal determination |
A model that explains human functioning and personality as caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors. |
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Self-efficacy |
The beliefs that people have about their ability to meet the demands of a specific situation, feelings or self-confidence. |
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Trait |
A relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way. (Think character traits) |
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Trait theory |
A theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions. |
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Surface Traits |
Personality characteristics or attributes that can be easily inferred from OBSERVABLE behavior. |
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Source traits |
The most fundamental dimensions of personality. The broad basic traits that everyone has. These are in a range: Trusting<----> Suspicious The five factor model of personality fits here |
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Five-factor personality model |
A trait theory of personality that identifies extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience the fundamental building blocks of personality or source traits. |
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Behavioral genetics |
An interdisciplinary field that studies the effects of genes and heredity on behavior. |
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psychological test |
A test that assesses a person's abilities, aptitudes, interests, or personality on the basis of a systematically obtained sample of behavior. |
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projective test |
A type of personality test that involves a person's interpreting an ambiguous image, used to assess unconscious motives, conflicts, psychological defenses, and personality traits. |
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Rorschach Inkblot test |
a projective test using inkblots |
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Graphology |
a pseudoscience that claims to assess personality, social and occupational attributes based on a persons distinctive handwriting, doodles, and drawing style. |
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Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT) |
A projective personality test that involves creating stories about ambiguous scenes. |
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Self report inventory |
A type of psychological test in which a person's responses to standardized questions are compared to established norms. |
