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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What defines psychology as a field of study?
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Study of Behavior and Mental Processes.
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What are psychology's four primary goals?
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Description, Understanding, Prediction, and Control
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What is structuralism?
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The focus of study is the structure or basic elemnts of the mind, Wundt and Edward Titchener.
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What is functionalism?
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The focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live,work, and play, Willam James.
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What was Sigmund Freud's Theroy?
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Therory of Psychoanalysis, importance of childhood experiences.
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7 Modern perspectives?
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Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Humanistic, Biopsychological, Cognitive, Sociocultural, Evolutionary.
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Types of Psychological Professionals?
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Psychaiatrist, Psychoanalyst, Psychiatric Social Worker, Psychologist
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What are the steps in using the scientific method?
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1. Perceiving the Question.
2. Forming a Hypothesis. 3. Testing the Hypothesis. 4. Drawing Conclusions. 5. Report your Results. |
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What is Naturalistic observation?
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Watch or observe in natural settings.
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What is Laboratory observation?
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For practicality reasons tests are performed in a lab.
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What are case studies?
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One individual is studied in great detail.
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What are surveys?
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Researchers will ask a series of questions about the topic they are studying.
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What is the nervous system, neurons, and nerves, and how do they relate to one another?
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The nervous system is a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body.
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What allows nerves to repair themselves?
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Coated with Neurilemma.
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What are dendrites?
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Branchlike structures that recieve messages from other nuerons.
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What is a nueron?
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Specialized cell in the nervous system that recieves and sends messages within that system.
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What is a soma?
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The cell body of the neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell.
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What is a axon?
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A tubelike structure that carries the neural message to ther cells.
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What are glial cells?
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Cells that provide suppport for the neurons to grow on and around, deliever nutrients to neurons, produce meylin to coat axons, clean up waste products and dead neurons, influence information processing.
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What is myelin?
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Fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of neurons to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse.
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What are nerves?
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Bundles of axons coated in meyelin that travel together through the body.
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What is the somatic nervous system?
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Contains the sensory pathway, or neurons carrying messages to the central nervous system.
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What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
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Cosists of the parasymathetic division and the sympathetic division.
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What is the parasymathetic division?
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Maintains normal day to day functioning of the organs.
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What is a sympathetic division?
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Our fight or flight technique.
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What is an EEG?
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Small metal disk electrodes are placed on the scalp, reads brain activity in waves.
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What is a CT scan?
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Series of x-rays of the brain, aided by computer
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What is an MRI scan?
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Magnetic style, makes a 3d image of the brain.
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What is a PET scan?
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Injected with sugar,shows brain activity.
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What is a functional MRI?
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Shows changes in oxygen levels of the blood.
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What is sensation?
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The process that occurs when special reseptors in the same sense organs are activated, allowing various forms of outside stimuli to become neural signals in the brain.
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What is habituation?
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Your mind blocking out constant unchanging noises, until they change.
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What is sensory adaptation?
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The taste, touch, smell and vision receptor cells become less responsive to an unchanging stimulus.
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What is the trichromatic theory?
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3 colors, red cones, blue cones, and green cones.
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What is the opponent-process theory?
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4 primary colors, red, green, blue, and yellow.
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What is the place theory for pitch?
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The pitch a person hears depends on where the hair cells that are stimulated are located on the organ.
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What is the frequency theory for pitch?
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Pitch is related to how fast the basilar membrane vibrates.
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What is proximity?
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Perception, what you make it out to be.
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What is similarity?
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Seeing things similar to be grouped together.
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What is closure?
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Tendency to complete figures not finished.
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What is continuity?
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The tendancy to see things as simply as possible.
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What is contiguity?
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The tendency to percieve two things that happen close together to be related.
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How do infants develop perceptual abilities?
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Depth perception is the ability to see in three dimensions. Infants as young as 2 months can detect depth.
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What is linear perspective?
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Long highway, two sides of road merging.
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What is Relative size?
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Smaller objects are further away.
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What is overlap?
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One object is blocking another than it is closer.
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What is aerial perspective?
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The further away the object the hazier the object will appear.
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What is texture gradient?
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The more detail you see the closer the object.
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What is motion parallax?
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Further away objects move slower.
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What is top down processing?
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Involves the use of preexisting knowledge to organize individuals features into a unified whole.
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What is bottom up processing?
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Involves the analysis of smaller features, building up to a complete perception.
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