Psychosocial Exam 2

Front 1

What is in the cluster A disorders?

Back 1

paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid

Front 2

which disorder from cluster A would be characterized by poor socialization, passiveness, and shyness?

Back 2

schizoid

Front 3

which disorder in cluster A would be characterized by: distrust, irritability, lack of feelings for others?

Back 3

paranoid

Front 4

which disorder from cluster A is the most serious?

Back 4

Schizotypal

Front 5

What could an over all description be of cluster B?

Back 5

disorders that are dramatic and emotional

Front 6

which disorder does this describe: no guilt, exploitive, disregard for others, illegal activites, initially charming,manipulative

Back 6

antisocial, cluster b

Front 7

describe what a person w/ borderline personality disorder would be like

Back 7

intense, chaotic, impulsive, black and white thinking, self-destruction, self mutilates, manipulative, (most common disorder)

Front 8

Which disorder from group B is colorful,dramatic,sexual, attention seeking, exhibitionistic, extroverted, requires constant approval, independant,seductive,distractable

Back 8

histrionic

Front 9

Which disorder has exaggerated view of self, lacks empathy, overly self centered, and sees themselves as superior?

Back 9

narcissistic

Front 10

How could cluster C be broadly defined?

Back 10

fearful/anxious

Front 11

Which cluster C disorder fears rejection, has low self esteem, is w/drawn, offended easily, has slow speech, often lonely, develops depression, anxiety and anger for failing to form social relationships

Back 11

avoidant

Front 12

The person w/ this disorder would be submissive, clingy, poor independant decision making, passive, do anything for acceptance

Back 12

dependant

Front 13

this cluster c disorder is characterized by preoccupation w/ perfection, rules, organization, and control.Is meticulous, self critical, inflexible, etc

Back 13

obsessive compulsive

Front 14

what type of therapy may be used to develop basic social skills?

Back 14

group therapy

Front 15

what type of therapy is needed for self insight and relationships?

Back 15

long term therapy

Front 16

what may be used to treat altered thoughts, paranoia, illusions?

Back 16

antipsychotics

Front 17

the core element of ...psychotherapy is the est. of an empathetic therapist

Back 17

interpersonal

Front 18

which type of therapy uses guided discovery in which the therapist functions as a role model for client

Back 18

interpersonal

Front 19

Interpersonal psychotherapy is suggested for what types of disorders?

Back 19

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, borderline, dependent, narcissistic, OCD

Front 20

what is the TX of choice for those w/ histrionic disorder?

Back 20

pscychoanalytical psychotherapy

Front 21

what type of tx focuses on unconscious motivation for seeking total satisfaction from others and for being unable to commit?

Back 21

psychoanalytical

Front 22

what type of therapy offers reinforcement for positive change?

Back 22

cognitive/behavioral

Front 23

what therapy helps clients recognize/correct inaccurate internal mental schema?

Back 23

cognitive/behavioral

Front 24

cognigtive/behavioral therapy is often helpful for whom?

Back 24

OCD, passive/aggressive, antisocial, avoidant

Front 25

which clients often benefit from antipscychotic meds?

Back 25

clients w/ paranoid, schizotypal, and borderline

Front 26

what sorts of things can antipsychotic meds help improve?

Back 26

illusions, ideas of reference, paranoid thinking, anxiety, hostility

Front 27

What type of drugs are successful in reducing anger, impulsiveness, and mood instability in boderline personality disorder?

Back 27

SSRI's

Front 28

the combination of lithium carbonate and propranolol may be useful for the violent episodes observed in whom?

Back 28

those w/ antisocial personalities

Front 29

what drugs are sometimes used for those w/ avoidant personalities?

Back 29

anxiolytics

Front 30

whay type of drugs may be useful for those w/ panic disorders?

Back 30

antidepressants

Front 31

what percentage of the population is bipolar?

Back 31

10%

Front 32

what percent of those who are bipolar are women and what percentage are men?

Back 32

10-25% (women)
5-12% (men)

Front 33

the highest rates of bipolar are ?

Back 33

married women,single men, higher social class (esp pros and highly educated)

Front 34

what does the neurotransmitter deficit theory of biological theories of depresion postulate?

Back 34

that there is a deficit of norepi, serotonin, and dopamine

Front 35

the neuroendocrine dysregulation theory suggests what is/are predisposing factors of depression?

Back 35

hypothalamic/pitutitary/ adrenal axis has hyperactivity w/ elevated serum cortisol lvls

Front 36

what are the other biological theories of depression (other than neuroendocrine/ neuro transmitter)

Back 36

genetic and physiological illness and med. side effect and nutritional deficiencies

Front 37

what does the learning theory say about depression?

Back 37

that there is a lack of social support during loss and a percieved lack of control over events causing learned helplessness

Front 38

Depression is a result of loss of loved object is what theory?

Back 38

psychoanalytical

Front 39

depression is a result of negative processing of thoughts w/ neg. expectaions of environ./self/ future is a description of what theory?

Back 39

cognitive theory of depression

Front 40

describe the three theories of bipolar disorder

Back 40

genetics (increased in fam.s)
biochemical: excess of norepi and dopamine/ low seratonin
physiological: brain lesions/ med side effects

Front 41

what is first when dealing w/ any patient?

Back 41

safety

Front 42

what are some symptoms of depression?

Back 42

anhedonia,loneliness, helplessness, worthlessness, decrease in decision making and concentration, flat affect, inability to focus, etc

Front 43

what are some symptoms of mania?

Back 43

euphoria, inflated self esteem, lack of sleep, racing thoughts, pressured speech, irritability, grandiosity, etc

Front 44

What are some treatments of depression?

Back 44

increase social interaction, increase activity and excersise, monitor sleep/ nutrition/ fluids, give positive input

Front 45

treatments of depression cont..

Back 45

encourage to express feelings, assess for suicidal ideations, increase choices w/ client improvement, medications or ECT treatment

Front 46

what are some treatments for mania?

Back 46

breif/direct interaction, assess fluids/nutrition, may need help w/ app. dress, make up and personal hygeine, sleep, medications

Front 47

What is the difference bet. bipolar I and bipolar II

Back 47

bipolar II does not have full manic episodes, but does have full depression

Front 48

...describes an individuals sustained emotional tone, which influences behavior, personality and perception

Back 48

mood

Front 49

..mood swings from depression to mania w/ intervening periods of normalcy. May or may not be psychotic

Back 49

bipolar

Front 50

..type of bipolar disorder in which the predominant mood is elevated, expansive, or irritable?

Back 50

mania

Front 51

severe form of major depressive episode. symptoms are exaggerated/intereest or pleasure in virtually all activities is lost

Back 51

melancholia

Front 52

..the psychological process through which the individual passes on the way to successful adaptation to the loss of a valued object

Back 52

grief

Front 53

..a subjective state of emotional, physical, and social responses to an anticipated loss of a valued entity

Back 53

anticipatory grieving

Front 54

..the absense of evidence of grief when it is ordinarily expected

Back 54

delayed grief

Front 55

..an intensification of grief to the point that the person is overwhelmed, demonstrates prolonged maladaptive behavior

Back 55

delayed grief

Front 56

..extreme slow down of physical movements. Posture slumps, speech is slowed, digestion sluggiesh. common in severe depression

Back 56

dysthymic disorder

Front 57

..a disorder that is characterized by depressed mood, anixiety, mood swings, and decreased interest in activites during the week before menses and subsiding shortly after the onset of mentsruation

Back 57

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Front 58

a mild form of mania. symptoms are excessive hyperactivity, but not severe enough to cause marked impairment of functioning

Back 58

hypomania

Front 59

chronic mood disturbance w/ numerous episodes of hypomania and depressed mood, not strong enough to be labled bipolar

Back 59

cychlothymic disorder

Front 60

type of therapy in which the individual is taught to control thought distortions that are considered to be a factor in the dev./maintenence of emotional disorders

Back 60

cognitive therapy

Front 61

an accumulation of grief that occurs when an individual experiences many loses over a short period of time, common among the elderly

Back 61

bereavement overload

Front 62

a grave form of mania characterized by severe clouding of conscience/ representing an intensification of the symptoms associated w/ acute mania

Back 62

delerious mania

Front 63

an amino acid that should not be taken w/ MAOI's

Back 63

tyramine

Front 64

what factors might increase suicide risk?

Back 64

alcohol, ill health, family or personal hx of suicide attempts, having a lethal plan, isolation, impulsivity or aggressiveness

Front 65

what are some demographics of those likely to commit suicide?

Back 65

adolescance or over 65, male, caucasion, single/divorced, low or high class, health care pro or business person, uses guns, protestant, family hx

Front 66

what disorders are the most common to precdede suicide?

Back 66

mood (bipolar/depression)

Front 67

what, other than bipolar and depression, are some psych. disorders that may precede suicide?

Back 67

anxiety, schizophrenia, borderline, antisocial

Front 68

after severe depression: sudden lift of mood and/or giving away cherished items could be a clue to what?

Back 68

a suicide attempt

Front 69

if a person is suicidal, what should you find out?

Back 69

if he/she has a plan and means to carry it out and does the person have a support system

Front 70

what are precipitating life events that may lead to suicide?

Back 70

loss of loved one, probs in major relationships, changes in roles, serious illness

Front 71

anger turned inward is really, according to freud, what?

Back 71

directed toward others

Front 72

what is believed to be a central underlying factor to predisposition to suicide?

Back 72

hopelessness

Front 73

a hx of ....and...is thought to be an imp. factor underlying the suicidal behavior

Back 73

aggression and violence

Front 74

what is the principal stressor (in relation to suicide) in the 40-60 age group

Back 74

economics

Front 75

what plays a significant role in regard to suicide among those age 60+ and especially those over 80

Back 75

health

Front 76

the response of suicide in the individual who feels separate and apart from the main stream of society is--

Back 76

egoistic suicide

Front 77

a person who commits suicide that is excessively integrated into the group

Back 77

altruistic

Front 78

suicide in response to changes in an individuals life that disrupt feelings of relatedness to the group

Back 78

anomic suicide

Front 79

Which type of twins of a higher incidense of suicide between them?

Back 79

monozygotic (identical)

Front 80

what are some neurochemical factors related to suicide

Back 80

deficiency in seratonin, increases in beta adrenergic recepter binding, reductions in corticotrophin releasing factor binding

Front 81

what might be a good response to someone who lost someone dear to them?

Back 81

"you must be feeling very sad about your loss"

Front 82

If someone says that when they leave the psych unit they are going to try a no fail method of suicide, what might the nurse appropriately say?

Back 82

"what exactly do you plan to do?"

Front 83

what are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Back 83

delusions, hallucinations, bizarre dress and behavior, disorganized thought, agressive, suicidal, idea of reference, disorganized speech

Front 84

what are some negative signs of schizophrenia?

Back 84

flat affect, poor eye contact, apathy, anhedonia, poverty of speech, poor grooming, apathy, no interest, disturbed relationships, isolation

Front 85

what is the percentage of schizophrenia in the population

Back 85

1.5%

Front 86

when does schizophrenia usually begin?

Back 86

adolescence or early adulthood

Front 87

what percentage of siblings of offspring w/ schizophrenia share the diagnosis "schizophrenia"?

Back 87

10%

Front 88

what is the percentage of twins that share the dx schizophrenia?

Back 88

50%

Front 89

what is the psychoanalytic/developmental link to schizophrenia?

Back 89

distortion in mother/child relationship. anxious mothering and enmeshment faulty reality interpretation

Front 90

what is the dopamine hypothesis related to schizophrenia?

Back 90

dopamine is increased, seratonin decreased, norepi decreased

Front 91

what are the immunologic factors of schizophrenia?

Back 91

viral infection during 2nd trimester. Also malnutrition during pregnancy

Front 92

an accumulation of grief that occurs when an individual experiences many loses over a short period of time, common among the elderly

Back 92

bereavement overload

Front 93

a grave form of mania characterized by severe clouding of conscience/ representing an intensification of the symptoms associated w/ acute mania

Back 93

delerious mania

Front 94

what disorders are the most common to precede suicide?

Back 94

mood (bipolar/depression)

Front 95

what, other than bipolar and depression, are some psych. disorders that may precede suicide?

Back 95

anxiety, schizophrenia, borderline, antisocial

Front 96

after severe depression: sudden lift of mood and/or giving away cherished items could be a clue to what?

Back 96

a suicide attempt

Front 97

if a person is suicidal, what should you find out?

Back 97

if he/she has a plan and means to carry it out and does the person have a support system

Front 98

what are the developmental stressors predisposing an adolescant to suicide?

Back 98

conflict, separation, rejection

Front 99

what are the neurochemical factors related to suicide

Back 99

deficiency in serotonin in depressed clients, increases in B-adrenergic receptor binding; reduction in cortico trophon-releasing factor binding

Front 100

how does schizophrenia impact a persons life?

Back 100

no disorder is more crippling

Front 101

when does schizophrenia begin (developmentally)?

Back 101

late adolescence or early childhood

Front 102

what are some family factors influencing succeptiblity to schizophrenia?

Back 102

unhealthy adaptation esp if there are secrets and the child feels in a double bind or guilty or repressed unhappiness

Front 103

The incidence of schizophrenia is higher in what socioeconomic class?

Back 103

lower

Front 104

what can increase symptoms of schizophrenia?

Back 104

stressful life events

Front 105

describe disorganized(hebephrenic) schizophrenia?

Back 105

severe disintegration of personality, insidious and early (before 25) onset, poor prog, poor grooming, disorg. speech, rocking, grunting, grimacing, about age 7-8

Front 106

describe catatonic schizophrenia

Back 106

marked by abnormalities in motor behavior and may be manifested in the form of stupor or excitment

Front 107

what are some signs of catatonia?

Back 107

waxy flexibility, intense motor disturbance, sudden onset, can become malnurished, can hear but is mute, complete remission can be acheived

Front 108

describe paranoid schizophrenia

Back 108

presense of delusions of persecution or grandeur and auditory hallucinations related to a single theme

Front 109

what are the signs of paranoid schizophrenia?

Back 109

tense, suspicious, guarded, hostile, aggressive

Front 110

describe undifferentiated schizophrenia

Back 110

a pt that does not meet criteria for any of the subtypes or more than one subtype

Front 111

signs of undifferentiated schizophrenia?

Back 111

odd behavior over years of time, delusions, hallucinations, poor prognosis

Front 112

what is residual schizophrenia

Back 112

individual who has a hx of at least one previous episode of schizophrenia w/ prominent psychotic symptoms (many neg. few pos)--usually no hallucinations or delusions

Front 113

what is schizoaffective disorder?

Back 113

manifested by schizophrenic behaviors, w/ strong element of symptomatology associated w/ mood disorders.

Front 114

what are some symptoms of schizoaffective disorder?

Back 114

may appear depressed or euphoric but has schizophrenic symptoms. better prog/may have remissions

Front 115

what is schizophreniform?

Back 115

identical to schizophrenia, but lasts 1-6 months. may be able to function socially and occupationally

Front 116

define: neologism

Back 116

creating a new word that is not part of the language

Front 117

define echolalia:

Back 117

repeating the same word over and over after someone else says it first

Front 118

define: word salad

Back 118

words put together w/ no logical order

Front 119

define: magical thinking

Back 119

thoughts of being all knowing/all controlling/ all powerful

Front 120

define: flight of ideas

Back 120

abrupt change in topics w/ a rapid flow

Front 121

define: circumstantial

Back 121

many unnecessary details

Front 122

define: histrionic

Back 122

dramatic, over emotional behavior, attention seeking

Front 123

define: catalepsy

Back 123

waxy flexibility

Front 124

define: echopraxia

Back 124

imitating the movements of others

Front 125

define: hallucination

Back 125

a sensory perception involving one of the five senses

Front 126

define: delusion

Back 126

thoughts that are not open to reason and not reality based

Front 127

define: poverty of thought

Back 127

vague, disconnected thoughts

Front 128

define: thought blocking

Back 128

interruption in the flow of thoughts

Front 129

define: anhedonia

Back 129

loss of interest of pleasure in activities

Front 130

define: thought broadcasting

Back 130

some medium is broadcasting the person's thought to others

Front 131

define: idea of reference

Back 131

incorrect interpretation of incidents and external events

Front 132

define: Nihilism

Back 132

belief that existance is meaningless and useless

Front 133

define: psychosis

Back 133

a state in which one's capacity to recognize reality is limited

Front 134

define: apraxia

Back 134

loss of ability to carry out purposeful movements

Front 135

define: tangential

Back 135

irrelevant material

Front 136

A patient is delusional and wanting the nurse to participate in the delusion, what should the nurse respond to?

Back 136

he/she should respond only to reality

Front 137

What is a therapeutic technique for dealing w/ irrational beliefs?

Back 137

do not argue or deny the belief. Use reasonable doubt "I find that hard to believe"

Front 138

define: formication

Back 138

the sensation that something is crawling on or under the skin

Front 139

what is the most common type of hallucination?

Back 139

auditory

Front 140

the purpose of individual therapy for the schizophrenic is--

Back 140

decrease anxiety and increase trust

Front 141

what is the purpose of education for family members of schizophrenics?

Back 141

it is to help the client identify sources of real or percieved danger and ways of reacting appropriately

Front 142

what is the purpose of group therapy for schizophrenics?

Back 142

increase support (this is a long term therapy)

Front 143

common side effects of antypsychotic meds?

Back 143

dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, nausea, GI upset, rash, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, photosensitivity

Front 144

common side effects of antipsychotic meds..

Back 144

, decreased libido, retrograde ejaculation, gynecomastia, amenorrhea, weight gain, reduction in seizure threshold, agranulocytosis

Front 145

common side effects of antipsychotic meds con...

Back 145

extrapyrimidal symptoms, tardive diskonesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Front 146

how long does it take to see effects of antipsychotic meds?

Back 146

several weeks

Front 147

what question should one never ask a psych patient?

Back 147

"why"

Front 148

what is somatoform disorder?

Back 148

person has physical symptoms suggesting medical disease but w/o any organic pathophysiolgical condition to account for them

Front 149

what are predisposing factors for somatoform disorder?

Back 149

unable to express emotions; role modeling in fams; nurturing in fams is conditional

Front 150

what are some cultural and environmental factors of somatoform disorder?

Back 150

if not acceptable to have emotional probs, it becomes physical probs instead; appears more commonly in low socioeconmic/occup/ed status

Front 151

what are the symptoms of somatoform disorder?

Back 151

syndrome of multiple somatic symptoms before age 30 that occur over several years and cause impairment in social and occupational functioning

Front 152

symptoms of somatoform disorder cont...

Back 152

4 pain symptoms, 2 gi symptoms (nausea/vom), 1 sexual sym, 1 pseudo neurological symp (paralysis, blindness, deafness), anxiety and depression are often seen

Front 153

tx for somatoform disorder

Back 153

individual psychotherapy

Front 154

goal of individual psychotherapy for somatoform disorder?

Back 154

help clients to develop healthy and adaptive behaviors

Front 155

what is the purpose of group psychotherapy for somatoform disorder?

Back 155

it provides a setting where clients can share experiences, learn to verbalize,and can be confronted when they reject responsibility

Front 156

what is the tx of choice for somatoform disorder

Back 156

group pscychotherapy

Front 157

what type of therapy for somatoform disorder invloves working w/ clients family who may be perpetuating the disease?

Back 157

behavior therapy

Front 158

what type of pscyhopharmacology is appropriate for those w/ somatoform disorder?

Back 158

antidepressants (tricyclics & SSRI's)

Front 159

what is the essential feature of pain disorder?

Back 159

severe prolonged pain that causes clincally significant distress or impairment of social/occupational functioning

Front 160

what are the predisposing factors of pain disorder?

Back 160

symptoms enable the pt to avoid some unpleasant activity and promotes emotional support or attention

Front 161

what is the psychodynamic theory of pain disorder?

Back 161

pt may be expressing intrapsychic conflict through the body; they want more attention than their emotional pain will ellicit

Front 162

what is the behavior theory of pain disorder?

Back 162

the pt recieves reinforcement when they have increased attention and they get relief from responsibility

Front 163

what is the classical conditioning theory of pain disorder

Back 163

previously neutral stimulus may become a trigger for pain related behaviors when it becomes associated in the mind with a painful stimulus

Front 164

what is the operant conditioning theory of pain disorder?

Back 164

learning occurs when pain behaviors are positively or negatively reinforced.

Front 165

what is the family dynamics theory of pain disorder?

Back 165

symptoms may be used to coerce others or manipulate and gain advantage in personal relationships

Front 166

what is the neurophysiological theory of pain disorder?

Back 166

the cerebral cortex and medulla are involved in inhibiting the firing of afferent pain fibers

Front 167

what are the symptoms of pain disorder?

Back 167

dx is made when psychological factors have been judged to have a major role in the onset,severity, exacerbation, or mainteneance of the pain, even when the physical examination reveals patholgy that is associated w/ the pain

Front 168

Tx of pain disorder?

Back 168

behavior therapy or working w/ family who may provoke symptoms; also antidepressants and anticonvulsants (dilantin)

Front 169

the unrealistic or inaccurate interpretation of physical symptoms leading to preoccupation of having a serious illness even though appprpriate medical reassurance is given

Back 169

hypochondriasis

Front 170

what are the symptoms of hypochondriasis?

Back 170

the belief is not delusional and lasts for at least 6 months, OCD traits frequently occur

Front 171

transformation of aggressive hostile wishes toward others into physical complaints about the self that are more acceptable is what theory about hypochodriasis?

Back 171

psychodynamic theory

Front 172

what hypochondriasis theory says that hypoc. is the result of an expression of low self esteem b/c it's easeir to feel something is wrong w/ the body than the self

Back 172

psychodynamic theory

Front 173

the theory that hypochondriacs belive that physical suffering is deserved punishment required for atonement

Back 173

psychodynamic theory

Front 174

which theory of hypcondriasis states: bodily sensations are intensified and then faulty thinking causes neg. thoughts to be attached to the sensations

Back 174

cognitive theory

Front 175

describe the social learning theory of hypochondriasis

Back 175

somatic comlaints are reinforced when the sick role relieves the pt of needing to deal w/ stressful situation

Front 176

describe the 'past experiences w/ physical illnesses' theory of hypochondriasis

Back 176

person has had a life threatening illness in the past which causes them to worry that the illness will recur

Front 177

tx for hypochondriasis

Back 177

individual, group

Front 178

tx of choice for hypochodriasis and why it's the tx of choice

Back 178

group: it provides the social support and social interaction these clients need

Front 179

describe conversion disorder

Back 179

loss of or change in body function resulting from psychological conflict, the physical symptoms of which can't be explained by any known med disorder or conditon. clients unaware of psych. basis and can't control symptoms

Front 180

symptoms of conversion disorder

Back 180

one or more symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory function, psych factors ass. w/ symptom of deficit; disturbance in social/occ function; ignition of exacerbation of symptoms is preceded by stress

Front 181

psychoanalytical theory of conversion disorder?

Back 181

emotions associated w/ tramatic event are unacceptable to client so they convert them to physical symptoms

Front 182

familial factors r/t conversion disorder?

Back 182

occurs more often in relatives

Front 183

behavioral theory r/t conversion disorder

Back 183

the individual uses physical symptoms to communicate helplessness, gain attention or support

Front 184

nueruophysiological theroy r/t conversion disorder

Back 184

central nervous system involvement due to excessive cortical arousal

Front 185

describe body dysmorphic disorder

Back 185

characterized by the exaggerated belief that the body is deformed or defective in some specific way

Front 186

symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder

Back 186

exaggerated belief that body is deformed; common belief in flaws in face or head, interferes w/ social/occ functioning

Front 187

predisposing factors of body dysmorphic disorder

Back 187

etiology is unknown, belief may be due to schizophrenia or anxiety, may be similar to hypochondriasis or phobia

Front 188

define insomina

Back 188

difficulty w/ initiating or maintaining sleep

Front 189

define hypersomnia

Back 189

excessive sleepiness or seeking excessive amounts of sleep

Front 190

define narcolepsy

Back 190

sleep attacks that the person can't prevent. Also sudden loss of muscle tone

Front 191

define parasomina

Back 191

unusual to undesirable behaviors that occur during sleep (nightmare, night terror, sleep walking)

Front 192

define circadian rhythm sleep disorder

Back 192

a misalignment between sleep and wake behaviors (shift work, jet lag, delayed sleep phase)

Front 193

what are predisposing factors of sleep disorders?

Back 193

genetic, medical, anxiety/depression, minor abnormalities in temporal lobe, alcohol or other CNS depressant

Front 194

psychosocial influences of cancer (???)

Back 194

type C personality; extreme suppresion of emotions; pos correlation bt stress and tumors

Front 195

tx modalities for cancer

Back 195

relaxation/mental imagry; teaching indiv w/ C personality; immune responses are enhanced when there is a greater feeling of well-being

Front 196

coronary heart disease, psychosocial influences

Back 196

type A personality; easily hostile, aggressive/ ambitious; no hobbies/must do more; struggles to acheive

Front 197

tx modalities for coronary heart disease

Back 197

progressive relaxation/ auto hypnosis/meditation/ biofeedback/group therapy; reduction of type A behavior

Front 198

How can reduction of type A behavior be accomplished?

Back 198

education, interpersonal counseling, behavior mod therapy

Front 199

psychosocial influences w/ peptic ulcer

Back 199

hostility increases gastric secretions, link b/w ulcers and stress

Front 200

psychosocial influences for essential hypertension

Back 200

congeinal, compliant, compulsive, inhibited rage

Front 201

tx modalities for essential hypertension

Back 201

meditation, yoga, hypnosis, biofeedback reduce bp; supportive therapy where the indiv. is encouraged to express honest feelings (particularly anger)

Front 202

psychosocial influences of migrane headaches

Back 202

perfectionist, overly conciencious, inflexible; meticlous, hard workers, neat; intelligent, repressed anger, emotional stress

Front 203

tx modalities for migranes

Back 203

help to recognize stressors; help cope w/ feelings of insecurity dependancy depression; help express feelings of repressed anger

Front 204

rheumatoid arthritis psychosocial influences

Back 204

self sacrificing, masochistic, conforming, self conscious, perfectionist, inability to express anger; emotional decompensation may exacerbate ra

Front 205

tx modalities for rheumatoid arthritis

Back 205

encourage to function as independantly as possible; focus on cure should be deflected to a foucs on control of the disease and prevention of disability

Front 206

psychosocial influences on ulcerative colitis

Back 206

compulsivity, mother child relationship resulting in feelings of helplessness/ hopelessness; onset associated w/ stressful life events

Front 207

tx modalities for ulcerative colitis

Back 207

help recognize stressors, help cope w/ insecurity dependancy depression; help express feelings of of repressed or suppressed anger and hostility

Front 208

After ECT, how long should the client remain in the recovery room?

Back 208

1-3 hours, until vital signs are stable and the client is alert, oriented, and able to walk w/o assistance.

Front 209

what are the most common side effects of ECT?

Back 209

headache and memory loss

Front 210

if a client has a headache after ECT, what might he/she be instructed to do?

Back 210

take a mild analgesic and rest

Front 211

what does the nurse do for a client who have undergone ECT?

Back 211

allays fears and concerns, takes vital signs, offers support/comfort/reassurance, repetative teaching for those w/ memory loss.

Front 212

describe seasonal affective disorder

Back 212

major depresion (uni or bipolar) at a particular time each year. Pattern must be evident for 2 consecutive years w/ no intervening non seasonal episodes. Seasonal episodes outnumber any nonseasonal episodes over a lifetime

Front 213

when do clients w/ Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) often develop depression? When does it often remit

Back 213

depression occurs during oct/nov and remits in march/april

Front 214

what sort of pattern does bipolar II and bipolar I disorder sometimes have?

Back 214

bipolar II sometimes has a seasonal pattern in which increased light triggers manic or hypomanic episodes

Front 215

what is a tx that is often used w/ SAD?

Back 215

phototherapy

Front 216

describe some aspects of phototherapy

Back 216

minimum of 2500 lux admin. on waking for 30 minutes

Front 217

what is the mechanism of action for phototherapy

Back 217

it's mechanism is unclear; it's thought that exposure to morning light causes circadian rhythm shift that regulates the normal relationship bet. sleep and circadian rhythm

Front 218

what are the side effects of phototherapy?

Back 218

they are rare, so report: irritability, hyperactivity, or insomnia

Front 219

describe psychomotor retardation

Back 219

client appears slowed down, depressed, dissheveled, stooped posture, little eye contact, increased need for naps

Front 220

what are the interventions for psychomotor retardation

Back 220

same as depression: increase social interaction, min. isolation, increase activity/ excersise, monitor sleep/ nutrition, positive input, new coping skills, assess for suicide, increase choices w/ improvement, medication or ECT

Front 221

defintion of adjustment disorder

Back 221

short term disturbance in mood or behavior w/ non psychotic manifestations resulting from identifiable stressors. Seen in people experiencing life transitions

Front 222

describe the realtionship bet. adjustment disorder and depression

Back 222

can have w/ or w/o major depression; symptoms may abate w/ time; may lead to more serious mental health problems

Front 223

define: suicidal ideation

Back 223

thoughts or fantasies of suicide can be expressed through writing or artwork

Front 224

define: suicide threats

Back 224

verbal or written w/o action

Front 225

define: suicide gestures

Back 225

minor or no injury to self, no intention to die

Front 226

define suicide attempts:

Back 226

serious actions resulting in minor or major injury. Gestures and attempts are sometimes called parasuicidal behavior

Front 227

interventions for delusional thoughts and hallucinations (continued over 3 cards)

Back 227

intensive psychopharmacological tx, supportive and directive communication; clear concrete statement,

Front 228

interventions for delusional thoughts (2/3)

Back 228

praise for reality based perceptions/reduction in aggressive behaviors, and appropriate social interaction and group participation

Front 229

interventions for delusional thoughts (3/3)

Back 229

psychiatric, medical, and neurological evaluation

Front 230

all known antipsychotics are .....blockers (think neuro transmitter)

Back 230

dopamine

Front 231

currently available newer antipsychotics block...to a greater degree than dopamine

Back 231

seratonin

Front 232

what are the neurotransmitters associated w/ schizophrenia?

Back 232

dopamine(incr), seratonin (dec), acetylcholine(dec), Norepi(dec), Cholecystokinin (dec), glutamate (dec), aminobutyric

Front 233

what are some atypical antipsychotics

Back 233

risperdal, zyprexia, clozaril, seroquel, geodon

Front 234

what are some mood stabilizers

Back 234

lithium and anticonvulsants

Front 235

what are some causes of relapse of schizophrenia

Back 235

poor insight leading to denial of illness, nonadherence to tx, lack of fam. support, inability to cope w/ complex mental health system, failure of meds to maintain their efficacy in the long term, high cost of meds

Front 236

during the coconut grove fire of 1942, what did eric lindmann find helped people prevent later psychologic difficulties

Back 236

helping bereaved people through the mourning process

Front 237

what are some interventions for people dealing w/ crisis?

Back 237

listen/observe/ask questions to categorize nature of event, remove danger, coordinate w/ other agencies, anticipate future needs and develop a plan for the client that meets those needs

Front 238

describe sitiational crisis

Back 238

crisis that is apparent to another observer and viewed as something that is liekly to cause a threat to safety

Front 239

name some examples of situational crisis

Back 239

terrorism, disasters, loss of a job, a spousal affair, serious medical condition

Front 240

why should the nurse use anticipatory teaching w/ a person experiencing a situational crisis?

Back 240

sometimes the crisis appears settled, but psychiatric symptoms occur later

Front 241

what sorts of questions would the nurse ask in a crisis intervention?

Back 241

cheif complaint, hx of present illness, family hx, past medical hx, drug/alcohol hx, cultural/spiritual issues, coping skills