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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anorexia Nervosa
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Overly successful weight loss
Intense fears of gaining weight and losing control of their food--> take pride in diet and control Highest mortality rate of any disorder! (20% die-half are suicide) Two Types- Restricting, Binge-eating-purging No known drug treatments, clinics and psycheducation (target dysfunctional attitudes) onset- 13-15 Comormid with OCD, obsessed about eating |
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Bulimia Nervosa
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Binge eating (out of control)
Compensatory Behaviors (purging, exercise, fasting) Two types- purging and non-purging *Don't lose weight from this*, within 10% of normal weight Have electrolyte imbalance Comorbidity to Anxiety and Mood disorders, some substance abuse Can be treated with antidepressants, CBT (w SSRI) or Interpersonal Therapy 5-10% are male |
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Obesity
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Night Eating Syndrome- 1/3 of calories consumed
caused by genes, sedentary lifestyle low impulse control Treatment= weight loss programs, behavior modification, surgery |
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Binge-Eating Disorder
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Only binging, no purging
worry about weight but can't help but eat A LOT in one sitting. Treatment= Interpersonal and CBT, no benefit from antidepressants maybe antiobesity drug |
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Causes of Eating Disorders
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Hypothalamus and low serotonin
Low sense of control and self-confidence. Perfectionists Distorted Body Image |
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Insomnia
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Primary Insomnia= rare
not being able to sleep due to many problems Treated with Benzopiazepines comorbid with Anxiety, Depression, and substance use |
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Hypersomnia
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Primary Hypersomnia = rare
sleeping too much and still being very tired, problematic Treated with Stimulants |
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Narcolepsy
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Daytime sleeping and cataplexy (paralysis one gets during REM sleep)
REM sleep Treated with Stimulants |
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Sleep Paralysis
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when awake but not able to move due to cataplexy from being asleep
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Hypnagogic hallucinations
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lucid dreams and out-of-body experiences that happens when you are in the transition between sleep and waking up.
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Sleep Apnea
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Breathing Sleep Disorder
restricted air flow, inability to breathe during sleep can be caused by obesity and age Treatment can be a didgeridoo. |
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Circadian Rhythm Disorders
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Insomnia or Hypersomnia, mess with your body clock
Suprachiasmatic nucleus= part of body that regulates clock, eating, melatonin |
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Nightmare Disorder
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Nightmares
during REM sleep Involves distressing and disturbing dreams More prevalent in children Treated with antidepressants and relaxation training |
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Sleep Terror Disorder
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Non-REM sleep
screaming, difficult to awaken but little or no memory or event Treated with scheduled awakenings and antidepressants and benzos |
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Somnambulism
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Sleep Walking
Non-REM sleep Leaves the bed, more common in children |
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Hypochondriasis
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anxiety or fear of having a disease
Get little benefit from medical reassurance Strong disease conviction, 1-14% of medical patients They see a mole and are convinced they have cancer Caused by familial history of illness and stress -learn benefits of illness Treated by CBT (challenge misinterpretations) |
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Somatization Disorder
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concern about symptoms, not necessarily diagnose what symptoms mean
symptoms = identity links to antisocial PD No cures, CBT- stress reduction, reduce frequency of help-seeking behaviors Thrive on seeing the doctor but never a permanent fix |
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Conversion Disorder
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tramatic experience so bad you lose motor or sensory function (blind or paralyzed)
can be indifferent to loss Medical ailment with psychological source Intact functioning - still can see or walk a little bit |
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Malingering
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intentionally producing symptoms for a clear benefit
Impaired Function, not intact function like Conversion Disorder Faking ex- faking sick to stay home from school, blind attorney in Arrested Development |
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Factitious Disorder/Munchausen's
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Intentionally producting symptoms for no obvious benefit
like attention |
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Factitious Disorder/ Munchausen's by Proxy
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if they don't want to make themselves sick, they make someone they know sick (usually their kids) in order to get attention
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Pain Disorder
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pain in more than one area, significant impairment
psychological origin but feels real! Treated both with therapy and medical treatment |
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Body Dysmorphic Disorder
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preoccupation with aspects of appearance
impairs function (not leave home, obsessed with looking into mirrors, rituals about checking their face or hands..) Ideas of Reference- think everyone is staring at them unable to realize their thoughts are irrational Treated with SSRIs, exposure and then response or ritual prevention *plastic surgery is unhelpful* |
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Depersonalization Disorder
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feelings of unreality and detachment, depersonalization is primary symptom
Decreased emotional response no known treatments severely frightening, significant impairment |
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Depersonalization
vs Derealization |
Depersonalization= feels like they are watching themselves act, "out-of-body"
Derealization= experience unreality in the outside world |
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Dissociative Amnesia
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memory loss with no organic etiology
generalized (doesn't describe type or length of time) usually localized, amnesia for one specific trauma |
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Dissociative Fugue
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memory loss, "wake up" in the middle of travel,
doesn't know their own identity and sometimes assumes the identity of someone else doesn't realize they don't know who they are until it's relevant (Someone asks for an ID, signature...) If memory returns, it's without treatment |
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Dissociative Trance Disorder
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when trance is undesirable and not explained by culture
dissociative symptoms, sudden personality changes and UNDESIRABLE |
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Multiple/Split Personalities
Alters= different personalities avg. of 15 alters Host= alter that seeks help, not necessarily original one Have amnesia when other alters are present. Treatment- try to reintegrate all the identities, reliving trauma *Most DID patients had sexual abuse as a child* |
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Clusters A, B, and C for Personality Disorders
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Cluster A= paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
Cluster B= antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic Cluster C = Avoidant, Dependent, obsessive-compulsive Prevalence of Personality Disorders = .5-2.5% of pop |
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
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Don't trust anyone, extremely suspicious for no reason
few meaningful relationships places own "bad" thoughts on everyone Treatment- unlikely to seek on their own focus on developing trust, work on assumptions and neg beliefs |
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
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appear to neither want or need relationships
cold, limited range of emotions (no excitement or anger) Treatment- unlikely to seek on own focus on interpersonal relationships and social skills |
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Schizotypical Personality Disorder
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psychotic-like symptoms
illusions, magical thinking socially isolated and highly suspicious A precursor to schizophrenia? Treatment- antipsychotic drugs, social skills training |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Psychopaths, serial killer type
no empathy, impulsive and not moral, very manipulative, liars prone to boredom, need of stimulation- Arousal Hypothesis Called Conduct Disorder before the age of 18 Treatment- unlikely to seek on own, jail, early intervention |
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Borderline Personality Disorder
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wild mood swings, intense fear of abandonment, poor self-image
very sensitive to facial expressions highly comorbid with depresssion caused by early childhood experience? treatment- highly likely to seek Dialectical Behavior Therapy! -fewer suicide attempts and enter the hospital less often |
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
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overly dramatic, provocative, impulsive, attention-seeking, obsessed with how they look, don't get discouraged when other people don't like them, always obsessed with themselves
Treatment- focus on problematic interpersonal behaviors |
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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exaggerated sense of self-importance but extremely sensitive to criticism, a lot of self-criticism
no sensitivity or compassion, very envious and arrogant Treatment- focus on hypersensitivity to evaluation and self-evaluation |
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Avoidant Personality Disorder
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avoid personal relationships because they are scared of getting rejected, want relationships
Treatment-increase social skills |
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Dependent Personality Disorder
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unreasonable fear of abandonment, clingy submissive and timid
sensitive to criticism, need for reassurance Problem with treatment- trying to be the model patient |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
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perfectionists, rigid, fixed on doing things the "right way"
poor relationships not many actual obsessions and compulsions Treatment- similar to OCD, decrease rumination |
