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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or False: In DSM IV, Personality and Intellectual Disorders are put on Axis II.
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True, to indicate their pervasiveness.
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True or false: DSM 5 still has this Axis I and II division.
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False, however, DSM 5 still acknowledges the pervasiveness and early onset of personality disorders.
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Define "personality disorder"
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an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from cultural expectation. It must be inflexible and pervasive, stable, cause impairment, must be of long duration and not better accounted for by substance abuse or another disorder.
There must be problems in 2 or more of the following areas: cognition impulse control interpersonal functioning affectivity |
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What are some common features of PDs?
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People don't realize they have one b/c it is "ego syntonic" - fits with their views
Great interference in personal relationships Often come in with Axis I problem but realize they might have a PD |
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What are the 3 clusters of PDS?
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Odd or eccentric: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Fearful or anxious: Dependant, Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive Dramatic, Emotional, Eccentric: Histrionic, Narcissistic, Antisocial, Borderline |
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List 4 controversies regarding the classification of PDs
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1. Gender bias ( e.g. antisocial vs. borderline in men vs women)
2. Dimensional approach (so much comorbidity) 3. Reliability (clinicians not agree) 4. Labelling issue |
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What is Paranoid PD?
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excessive, unjustified distrust of other people
easily angered, sensitive to criticism fear of being mistreated or exploited THEY DONT TRUST ANYONE |
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What are some causes of Paranoid PD?
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could be some genes (it is more common in people who have members with schizophrenia)
early learning experience of abuse cultural experience as immigrant who doesn't know language or deaf person |
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How can you treat Paranoid PD?
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unfortunately there is not much research into Paranoid PD (best you can do is challenge their irrational beliefs)
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What is Schizoid PD?
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sees themselves as "observer" not participant in world
detached and don't have a desire for social or sexual relationships constricted emotions and appear dull, bland and aloof others see them as odd |
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What are some causes of Schizoid PD?
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born with shyness
early childhood experience of abuse or neglect cause them to withdraw could be a relationship to autism since they seem to have a social deficit |
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How can you treat Schizoid PD?
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make them see the value of relationships and practice social skills
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What is Schizotypal PD?
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odd behaviours, dress and mannerisms
strange beliefs and magical thinking, ideas of reference, illusions |
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True or false: Schizotypal does not have a high rate of comorbidity.
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false.
You have higher risks of developing schizophrenia and MDD is very common to see with schizotypal PD |
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What are some causes of Schizotypal PD?
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believed to be a different phenotype of the "schizophrenia gene"
also common to see damage on LEFT hemisphere |
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How can you treat Schizotypal PD?
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first treat MDD
focus on social skills can give low doses of neuroleptics and SSRI for MDD |
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What is Avoidant PD?
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the person desires social relationships but withdraws from them
avoids them for fear of rejection becomes dependant on those they do trust |
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What could cause Avoidant PD?
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childhood temperament could cause parent's to reject the child
born with behavioural inhibition so difficult taking initiative abuse or neglect or other parental rejection as a child |
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How can you treat Avoidant PD?
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show good outcome to having people face their fears and improve with social skills training
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What is Dependant PD?
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person has an intense fear of rejection and becomes clingy and submissive in relationships for fear of losing the other person
their fear of abandonment is unreasonable excessive reliance on others for every decision they make |
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What could cause Dependant PD?
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didn't have a chance to properly develop independence
sociotropy theory |
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What is the theory of sociotropy?
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We desire autonomy and we desire connection. Theory that people with dependant PD unevenly leaning towards sociotropy.
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How can you treat dependant PD?
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little research into how
CBT can challenge their beliefs be firm but warm in therapeutic relationship |
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What is obsessive compulsive PD?
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obsessed with order, rules, etc.
highly perfectionist and controlling of other people fixated on doing things the "right way" |
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True or false: OCD and obsessive compulsive PD are the same thing
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False. OCD has strict ritual and obsessions whild OCPD does not.
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What are some causes of OCPD?
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personality preference for order
unknown causes |
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True or false: OCPD is common to see with AN.
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True, AN is very common with this type of personality disorder.
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How can OCPD be treated?
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challenging people's beliefs about order with CBT, little research otherwise
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