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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ch. 3 Clinical Assessment |
The process of gathering information about a person and his orher environment to make decisions about the nature, status, and treatment of psychological problems.
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Ch. 3 Reliability |
Measurement Consistency; Two types |
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Ch. 3 Reliability 1) Test- Retest |
A type of reliability that is a measures the consistency of a psychological test, or assessment. |
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Ch. 3 Reliability 2) Inter-rater |
A type of reliability that says an agreement or concordance is the degree of agreement among raters. |
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Ch. 3 Validity |
Does the test measure what it is supposed to? |
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Ch. 3 Types of Validity 1) Discriminant |
Tests whether concepts or measurements that are supposed to be unrelated are, in fact, unrelated. |
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Ch. 3 Types of Validity 2) Construct |
The appropriateness of inferences made on the basis of observations or measurements, specifically whether a test measures what it is supposed to. |
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Ch. 3 Types of Validity 3) Predicative |
The extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure. |
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Ch. 3 Types of Validity 4) Face Validity |
The degree to which a procedure, especially a psychological test or assessment appears effective in terms of its stated aims. |
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Ch. 3 Standardization |
Consistent use of techniques, provides a normative population data. Ex: Administrating procedures, Scoring, Evaluation of Data |
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Ch. 3 Clinical Interview |
Unstructured, Semi-structured, and Structured. Questions are prepared in advance. |
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Ch. 3 Behavioral Assessment |
Identification and observation of target behaviors, direct observations, minimally inferential. Focuses on interactions between two events. |
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Ch. 3 Behavioral Observation |
Formal vs. Informal, Self Monitoring vs. Other Observing |
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Ch. 3 Psychological Testing |
Reliability and Validity |
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Ch. 3 Projective Tests |
Presentation of ambiguous stimuli, projection of personality and the unconscious, psychoanalytic roots. Ex: Rorschach Inkblot Test and Thematic Apperception Test |
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Ch. 3 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory |
-567 Items (MMPI-2) -True/False Responses -Adolescent Version -Extensive Normative data - Reliability and Validity |
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Ch. 3 What do Neuropsychological Tests measure? |
-broad base of skills and abilities -Brain-behavior relations -Assets and deficits (strengths and weaknesses)
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Ch. 3 Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT/CT) |
-X-rays of the brain -Pictures in slices |
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Ch. 3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
-Strong magnetic field -Improved resolution -Locates tumors, injuries, structural, or anatomical abnormalities |
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Ch. 3 Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) |
-Injection of radioactive isotopes -React with brain oxygen, blood, and glucose -Reveal metabolic deficiencies |
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Ch. 3 Functional MRI (fMRI) |
Used to detect brief changes in brain activity |
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Ch. 5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
-Excessive apprehension and worry -Uncontrollable -Strong, persistent anxiety -Somatic symptoms (muscle tension, fatigue, mental agitation) -Must be present for 6 months or more |
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Ch. 5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder a. Causes |
-Can be inherited -Frontal lobe activation |
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Ch. 5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder b. Treatments |
-Antidepressants (Benzodiazepines) -Cognitive-behavioral treatments *Exposure to worry process *Confronting anxiety-provoking images *Coping strategies |
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Ch. 5 Panic Disorder |
-Unexpected recurrent panic attacks -Anxiety worry or fear of an attack -Persists for 1 month or more |
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Ch. 5 Panic Disorder a. Two Types |
Types: -Expected (situationally cued) -Unexpected |
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Ch. 5 Agoraphobia |
-Intense anxiety about being trapped, stranded, or embarrassed in a situation without help if a panic attack were to occur |
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Ch. 5 Agoraphobia a. Treatments 1. Medications |
Medications used for treatment: -Serotonergic -Noradrenergic -Benzodiazepine GABA |
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Ch. 5 Agoraphobia a. Treatments 2. Psychological |
Psychological treatments include: -Exposure -Relaxation -Breathing |
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Ch. 5 Agoraphobia a. Treatments 3. Panic Control Treatment |
This type of treatment includes: -Exposure to introspective cues -Cognitive Therapy -Relaxation/Breathing |
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Ch. 5 Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) |
This disorder includes: -Extreme and irrational fear/shyness -Social performance situations -Significant Impairment |
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Ch. 5 Selective Mutism |
Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations |
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Ch. 5 Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder 1. Exposure |
A traumatic event. This must have involved both loss of physical integrity or risk of serious damage, to self or others, and an intense negative emotional response. |
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Ch. 5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 2. Symptoms and Duration |
Symptoms: -Continued re-experiencing -Avoidance -Emotional Numbing -Interpersonal Problems Duration: -1 month |
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Ch. 5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders 1. Obsessions |
-Intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, and urges -Attempts to resist or eliminate |
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Ch. 5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders 2. Compulsions |
-Repetitive thoughts or actions -Suppress obsessions -Intended to prevent/reduce distress |
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Ch. 5 Specific Phobia 1. Definition |
-Extreme and irrational fear of a specific object or situation -Recognize fears as unreasonable -Avoidance |
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Ch. 5 Specific Phobia 2. Treatment |
Treatments include: Exposure -Graduated -Structured -Consistent Relaxation |
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Ch. 5 Fear |
Innate, almost biologically based alarm response to a dangerous or life threatening situation |
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Ch. 5 Anxiety |
A state in which one is inordinately apprehensive, tense, and uneasy about the prospect of something terrible happening. |
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Ch. 5 Body Dysmorphic Disorder |
Includes: -Preoccupation with perceived defects in appearance -Fixation or avoidance of mirrors -Suicidal ideation and behaviors |
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Ch. 5 Conditioned Fear Reactions |
Psychological theory that an individual associates certain bodily sensations with memories of the last panic attack, causing a full blown panic attack even before biological changes occur |
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Ch. 5 Relaxation Training |
Behavioral technique to treat panic disorders and agoraphobia. Client learns to systematically alternate tensing and relaxing muscles all over the body |
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Ch. 5 Panic Control Therapy |
Cognitive model for treating panic disorders. Cognitive restraining and awareness of bodily cues associated |
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Ch. 5 Aversion |
Very common responses of discomfort and dislike |
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Ch. 6 Soma (Body) |
Includes: -Preoccupation with health of appearance -Physical complaints -No identifiable medical condition |
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Ch. 6 Somatic Symptom Disorder |
-Mental illnesses that cause bodily symptoms, including pain -Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one's symptoms |
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Ch. 6 Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondria) |
The obsessive, persistent, and irrational fear of suffering, or that one will suffer from, a disease or serious medical condition. |
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Ch. 6 Conversion Disorder |
-Have to do with physical malfunctioning, such as paralysis, blindness, or difficulty speaking. Suggest some kind of neurological disease is affecting the sensory motor system -One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor sensory function -The symptom causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning or warrants medical evaluation. |
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Ch. 6 Factitious Disorder |
-Falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms, or induction of injury or disease, associate with identified deception -Presents themselves to others as ill, impaired, or injured |
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Ch. 6 Depersonalization Derealization Disorder |
-The presence of persistent or recurrent experiences or depersonalization, derealization -Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning |
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Ch. 6 Dissociative Amnesia |
An inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting |
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Ch. 6 Dissociative Identity Disorder |
-Two or more distinct personality states -Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal health information, and/or traumatic events that are inconsistent with ordinary forgetting |
