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28 Cards in this Set

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psychomotor stimmulant
Amphetamine (BENZEDRINE, BIPHETAMINE, ADDERAL)
what isomer of amphetamine containing an asymmetric carbon exerts the greater effect in the CNS
d isomer
psychomotor stimmulant modified via linkage to lysine, which limits the abuse potential of this amphetamine
Lisdexamphetamine
psychomotor stimmulant, presence of methyl groups makes it resistant to metabolism by Monoamine oxidase (MAO), and increases its lipid solubility
Methamphetamine (DESOXYN)
"speed" "crank" "ice"
psychomotor stimmulant that is used in treatment ADD in children (stimulation of locus ceruleus to enable child to focus attention)
Methylphenidate (RITALIN)
psychomotor stimmulant found in leaves of Catha edulis plant
Cathinone (Khat, "Kat" or "Cat")
psychomotor stimmulant that is used as a sympathomimetic agent (banned by FDA)
Ephedrine
psychomotor stimmulant used in treatment of narcolepsy
Modafanil (PROVIGIL)
psychomotor stimmulant CNS effects
delay "fatigue induced" decline in performance,
rebound effect (crashing),
tolerance and dependence,
withdrawal syndrome,
amphetamine psychosis (similar to paranoid schizophrenia), reversible
suppression of appetite
psychomotor stimmulant Peripheral effects
primarily sympathomimetic: HTN, tachycardia, arrhythmia, mydriasis
metabolic: decreased food intake, malnutrition
psychomotor stimmulant Mode Of Action
enhanced release and inhibition of uptake of DA and NE (ACUTELY),
possible stimulation of alpha receptors in reward centers,
decrease of DA in reward centers (CHRONIC effect)
what to do to get rid of psychomotor stimmulant in case of OD?
enhanced excretion in acidic urine, thus, acidify urine
urine-acidifying drugs: ammonium chloride, ascorbic acid, potassium or sodium phosphate
uses of amphetamines
narcolepsy, ADD (paradoxical effect possible->can't focus b/c catecholamine pathways are stimulated), obesity and weight reduction
dosage for snorted or IV cocaine (Cocaine HCl salt)
50-75 mg/line
dosage for "crack" cocaine (to smoke)
15-25 mg/dose
major metabolite of cocaine (metabolized by plasma esterase and liver)
bezoylecognine
pharmacological CNS effects of cocaine are similar to effects of...
amphetamines (stimulation, increased arousal, euphoria-dysphoria, increased confidence/social activity, tolerance/dependence) Powerful reinforcer
with high doses ->psychotic rxns similar to amphetamine psychosis
peripheral effects of cocaine
mydriasis (dilated) pupils, tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypertension---> sympathetic,
deterioration of nasal septum with snorting, pulmonary edema
physiologic mechanisms
dopaminergic pathways in limbic areas of brain (block the synaptic reuptake of DA)
blocks reuptake of DA but does not deplete levels of DA
Bupropion (WELLBUTRIN)
an opioid that has been shown to decrease craving for cocaine
Buprenorphine
DA agonist
Bromocriptine (PARLODEL)
a methylxanthine used in treatment of asthma
Theophylline
a methylxanthine salt that is used in treatment of severe asthma
Aminophylline
salt of Theophylline
methylxanthines used in treatment of apnea (slow respiration ) in neonates particularly
caffeine and Theophylline
caffeine effects peripherally and centrally (CNS)
CNS - constriction
Renal and peripheral vascular - dilation (thus, urine production UP)
spinal cord stimulant that antagonizes at glycine receptors, removes post synaptic inhibitory influences and leads to development of severe toxic seizures
Strychnine
rat poison
Tetanus Toxin mechanism
inhibits the release of glycine from Renshaw cells