Psychology Vocab 49-87

Front 1

Biological Psychology

Back 1

Branch of psych. concerned with links between biology and behavior.

Front 2

Neuron

Back 2

a cell nerve that is the basic building block of the nervous system.

Front 3

Dendite

Back 3

Branchlike extentions of a neuron that braches out in fibers that recieve messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

Front 4

Axon

Back 4

The extension of a neuron that branches out in fibers sending the message to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Front 5

Myelin Sheath

Back 5

Layer of fatty tissure around the fibers of a neuron that allow the message to travel much faster.

Front 6

Action Potential

Back 6

a neural impulse; brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

Front 7

Threshold

Back 7

The level of stimulation needed to trigger a neural impulse.

Front 8

Synapse

Back 8

The gap between the neuron sending the message to the reciecing dendrite.

Front 9

Charles Sherrington

Back 9

Person who discovered and coined the synapse.

Front 10

Acetycholine A.K.A. ACh

Back 10

a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction.

Front 11

Endorphines

Back 11

Natural opietelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure.

Front 12

Candace Pert & Solomon Snyder

Back 12

Scientists who discovered endorphines. ( Did so by giving radioactive morphine to animals to see where is was recepted to in the brain. )

Front 13

Nervous System

Back 13

The body electochemical communication network that consists of the peripheral and central nervous systems.

Front 14

Central Nervous System A.K.A. CNS

Back 14

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Front 15

Peripheral Nervous System A.K.A. PNS

Back 15

Consists of the sensory and motor neurons that connect to the CNS to the rest of the body.

Front 16

Nerves

Back 16

neural "cables" containing many axons in bundles, which are part of the PNS, connect the CNS with muscles, glands and sense organs.

Front 17

Sensory Neurons

Back 17

Neurons that carry sense info. to the CNS from sense receptors.

Front 18

Motor Neurons

Back 18

Neurons that carry outgoing info. from the CNS to muscles and/or glands.

Front 19

Interneurons

Back 19

neurons in the CNS that interrnally communicate and intervene between the sensory outputs and motor inputs.

Front 20

Somatic Nervous System

Back 20

The division of the PNS that controls the body's skeletal muscles.

Front 21

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 21

Part of the PNS that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs.

Front 22

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 22

Division of the Autonomic Nervous System that arouses the body, mobilzes energy in stressful situations.

Front 23

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 23

The division of the Autonomic Nervous System that calms the body, conserving its energy.

Front 24

Reflex

Back 24

a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus.

Front 25

Neural Network

Back 25

Interconnected neural cells that can learn feedback strengths to produce certain results.

Front 26

Endocrine

Back 26

A set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

Front 27

Hormones

Back 27

Chemical messengers that are usually produced by the endocrine,that are made in one tissue that affect another.

Front 28

Adrenal

Back 28

Pair of glands above the kidneys that secrete the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline) and norephrine (non-adrenaline), which helps arouse the body in times of stress.

Front 29

Lesion

Back 29

Destruction of tissue.

Front 30

EEG (Electroencephalogram)

Back 30

Amplified recordings of electrical waves in the brain. (Now we can see where certain info. is being stored and other activities)

Front 31

PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography)

Back 31

Visual display of the brain to see where a radioactive form of glucose goes when performing certain tasks.

Front 32

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Back 32

Technique that uses magnetic fields and radiowaves to produce imaging of soft tissue and such. ** Shows the structure of the brain.**

Front 33

fMRI (Functional MRI)

Back 33

technique revealing blood flow. **Shows brain function**

Front 34

Brainstem

Back 34

Oldest part and central core of the brain which is responsible for automatic survival functions.

Front 35

Medulla

Back 35

Base of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing.

Front 36

Reticular Formation

Back 36

Nerve network in the brainstem that is an important role in controlling arousement.

Front 37

Thalamus

Back 37

Directs messeges to the sensory recieving areas in the cortex that transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.

Front 38

Cerebellum

Back 38

"Little Brian" - Processes sensory input and coordinating movement output and balence.

Front 39

Limbic System

Back 39

doughnut-shaped form of neural structure in the brain that controls emotions such as fear and aggression. Also drives such as food and sex.

Front 40

Amygdala

Back 40

Two lima-bean sized structures that are components of the limbic system that are linked to emotion.

Front 41

Heinrich Kluver & Paul BucyHy

Back 41

Kluver(psychologist) and Bucy (neurosurgen) surgically lesioned the amygadala on an ill-tempered monkey resulting in a mellow,calm monkey.

Front 42

Daniel Langleben

Back 42

Discovered that the fMRI scans pick up brain activity in relation to when people are lying.

Front 43

Hypothalamus

Back 43

Lies below the thalamus in the brain and regulates the body's internal environmental state including: thirst, hunger, and body temperature.

Front 44

Cerebal

Back 44

Neural cells covering the cerebal hemisphere that is the body;s main information and processing center.

Front 45

Glial Cells (Glia)

Back 45

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.

Front 46

Frontal Lobes

Back 46

Majorly involved in speaking and muscle movements. Also, with making plans and judgement.

Front 47

Parietal Lobes

Back 47

Recieves sensory input for touch and body position.

Front 48

Occipital Lobes

Back 48

Recieve visual information.

Front 49

Temporal Lobes

Back 49

Recieve auditory information.

Front 50

Motor Cortex

Back 50

Controls voluntary movement.

Front 51

Sensory Cortex

Back 51

Registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.

Front 52

Association Area's

Back 52

Involved with higher mental functions such as: learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.

Front 53

Aphasia

Back 53

Impairment of language pending which hemisphere is damaged, either speaking or understanding.

Front 54

Broca's Area

Back 54

Area that controls language expression by directing muscle movement.

Front 55

Neural Network

Back 55

Interconnected neural cells that can learn feedback strengths to produce certain results.

Front 56

Endocrine

Back 56

A set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

Front 57

Hormones

Back 57

Chemical messengers that are usually produced by the endocrine,that are made in one tissue that affect another.

Front 58

Adrenal

Back 58

Pair of glands above the kidneys that secrete the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline) and norephrine (non-adrenaline), which helps arouse the body in times of stress.

Front 59

Lesion

Back 59

Destruction of tissue.

Front 60

EEG (Electroencephalogram)

Back 60

Amplified recordings of electrical waves in the brain. (Now we can see where certain info. is being stored and other activities)

Front 61

PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography)

Back 61

Visual display of the brain to see where a radioactive form of glucose goes when performing certain tasks.

Front 62

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Back 62

Technique that uses magnetic fields and radiowaves to produce imaging of soft tissue and such. ** Shows the structure of the brain.**

Front 63

fMRI (Functional MRI)

Back 63

technique revealing blood flow. **Shows brain function**

Front 64

Brainstem

Back 64

Oldest part and central core of the brain which is responsible for automatic survival functions.

Front 65

Medulla

Back 65

Base of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing.

Front 66

Reticular Formation

Back 66

Nerve network in the brainstem that is an important role in controlling arousement.

Front 67

Thalamus

Back 67

Directs messeges to the sensory recieving areas in the cortex that transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.

Front 68

Cerebellum

Back 68

"Little Brian" - Processes sensory input and coordinating movement output and balence.

Front 69

Limbic System

Back 69

doughnut-shaped form of neural structure in the brain that controls emotions such as fear and aggression. Also drives such as food and sex.

Front 70

Wernickes Area

Back 70

Area that controls language reception; also involved with language comprehension and expression.

Front 71

Plasticity

Back 71

The ability of the brain to be able to modify itself after damage. (Redirecting sensory nerves after losing a finger to other fingers) ( Blind people having better hearing)

Front 72

Corpus Callosum

Back 72

Large band of neural fibers that connect the 2 hemispheres of the brain and carry messages between them.

Front 73

Split Brain

Back 73

A condition where the 2 hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting of corpus callosum.