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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Altruism
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Pro-social behaviors a person carries out without considering his or her own safety or interests
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American Psychology Association (APA)
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An organization that includes psychologists from all over the world
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Amnesia
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A failure of memory caused by physical injury, disease, drug use, or psychological trauma.
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Anterograde amnesia
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Can't form memories after the incident that caused trauma
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Retrograde amnesia
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Can't remember things that happened before the incident that caused trauma
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Apparent motion
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A movement illusion in which one or more stationary lights going on and off in succession are perceived as a single moving light
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Arousal
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A motivational state of excitement and tension brought about by various stimuli; autonomic nervous system
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Asch's conformity study (line segments)
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Male college students were shown cards with three lines of differing lengths and asked to indicate which of the three lines was the same length of the standard line. Most of the participants, when faced with conflicting beliefs, yielded to majority opinion
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Attachment
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Emotional relationship between a child and the "regular" caregiver
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Attribution theory
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A social-cognitive approach to describing the ways the social perceiver uses information to generate casual explanations; caused by disposition (personality or genetic) or situational (angry only in certain situations)
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Aversive conditioning
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The client is exposed to an unpleasant stimulus while engaging in the targeted behavior, the goal being to create an aversion to it
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Aversive conditions
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One common method is the administration of a nausea-producing drug while the client is smoking or drinking so that the unpleasant associations are paired with the addictive behavior
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Babinsky response
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A reflex produced by stroking the sole of the foot taht manifests in dorsal flexion of the big toe
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Behavior as being adaptive
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Behavior that is learned in response to a set of stimuli in an environment
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Bell curve (normal distribution)
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Used to assess intelligence on a bell shaped curve; most people's scores cluster in the middle and fewer are found toward the two extremes of genius and mental deficiency
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Benjamin Worf's theory of linguistic relativism (determinism)
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Through cross-linguistic exploration, came mto the conclusion that differences in language created differences in thought
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Binocular disparity
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The displacement between the horizontal positions of corresponding images in the two eyes
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Blind spot
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The optic disc, which is the region of the retina where the optic nerve leaves each eye; contains no receptor cells
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Blood brain barrier
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Made up of specialized glial cells (astrocytes) that form a continuous envelope of fatty material around blood vessels in the brain. Protects the brain from poisons and harmful substances that are not fat-soluble
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Brain
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Humans and animals share the same basic hind brain, at the base of our skull where the brain meets the spinal cord. These structures (medulla, cerebellum, reticular systems, pons, etc.) are important for basic vital functions such as heartbeat, balance, digestion, and breathing. It is only the higher parts (cerebral cortex) that distinguishes us from animals
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Brainstorming
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A way to generate novel solutions to the problem. Everybody shouts out ideas with no criticism so there is a free flow of ideas that you can later decide if they're good or bad
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Broca's aphesia (expressive) located in the frontal lobe
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Damage in this area could lead to an inability to "produce speece." A person has a hard time forming the words or moving his mouth
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