Psychology Vocab 1- 48

Front 1

Psychology

Back 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental process.

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Aristotle

Back 2

Psychology student of Socrates and Plato that discovered that the mind is one with the soul and grows from experiences.

Front 3

Empiricism

Back 3

The view that knowledge comes from experience to the senses.

Front 4

Wilhem Wundt

Back 4

German psychologist that performed the first of psychologies experiments and opened the 1st psychology lab.

Front 5

Structuralism

Back 5

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the mind.

Front 6

Functionalism

Back 6

A school of psychology that focused on how the mental and behavioral process works.

Front 7

Humanistic Psychology

Back 7

Significant perspective that stated the importance of growth potential of healthy people.

Front 8

Nature-Nurture Issue

Back 8

The longlasting argument that genes and the experience make the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

Front 9

Natureal Selection

Back 9

"Only the strong survive." The principal that among the range of inherited trait variations, those who learn to reproduce and survive will pass the traits down to the next generation to come.

Front 10

Levels of Analysis

Back 10

the different ways to explain views from biological to psycholgogical to social-cultural for analyzing a phenonmenon. (Ex. Why do bears hibernate?)

Front 11

Biopsychological Approach

Back 11

The perspective that states that biological,psychological,and social-cultural levels of analysis. ( All 3 give you mental and behavioral process )

Front 12

3 Types of Psychology

Back 12

Behavioral, Cognitive, and Social-Cultural

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Behavioral Psychology

Back 13

Studies observable responses.

Front 14

Cognitive Psychology

Back 14

Studies how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

Front 15

Social-Cultural Psychology

Back 15

Studies behavior and thinking across various situations.

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Basic Research

Back 16

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Front 17

Applied Science

Back 17

Scientific Study that aims to solve practical problems.

Front 18

Counseling Psychology

Back 18

Branch that focuses on assisting people with problems at school, work, and marraige for better well-being.

Front 19

Clinical Psychology

Back 19

Branch that studies, assess, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Front 20

Psychiatry

Back 20

Branch of medicine that deals with psychological disorders.

Front 21

Highsight Bias

Back 21

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one could have forseen. ( AKA I-knew-it-all-along-phenomenon AKA COMMON SENSE)

Front 22

Critical Thinkin

Back 22

thinking that requires deep thought and does not quickly accept the conclusion. It examines assumptions, hidden values, evaluates evidence and comes to multiple conclusions.

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Theory

Back 23

An explanation found due to a set of principals that organizes and predicts other observations

Front 24

Hypothesis

Back 24

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

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Operational Definitions

Back 25

A statement of operations used to define research variables. ( Human intelligence can be operationally defined by what an intelligence test measures )

Front 26

Replication

Back 26

Repeating a research experiment with different variables to see if the same basic findings are found.

Front 27

Culture

Back 27

The behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people that are passed down from one generation to the next.

Front 28

Case Study

Back 28

An observational technique where one person is studied in depth in hopes of revealing universal principals.

Front 29

Survey

Back 29

Technique for calculating self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people.

Front 30

False Consensus Effect

Back 30

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.

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Population

Back 31

Group in which samples are drawn from.

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Random Sample

Back 32

the selection of someone of a population that guarentees each memeber has an equal chance.

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Naturalistic Observation

Back 33

Observing and recording behavior in the objects natural environment.

Front 34

Correlation

Back 34

A measure of two of more variables that directly effect eachother.

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Scatterplot

Back 35

Graphed cluster of dots; dots = 2 variables, Slope = realation to eachother, more dots suggest the strength of correlation

Front 36

Illusionary Correlation

Back 36

Assuming correlation exists when it really doesn't.

Front 37

Experiment

Back 37

Process of controlling one or more variables to observe mental and/or behavioral process.

Front 38

Double-blind Procedure

Back 38

Process where neither the host nor participant knows who recieved the placebo.

Front 39

Placebo-Effect

Back 39

Experimental results caused by the hosts expectations.

Front 40

Experimental Group

Back 40

Group in which is not being given the variable, just there to gather natural data.

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Controlled Group

Back 41

Group in which is given the variable and is there to gather the effects of it.

Front 42

Random Assignment

Back 42

Randomly picking groups/persons to exclude bias results.

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Independant Variable

Back 43

the variable whose effect is being studied

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Dependant Variable

Back 44

The variable that may change due to the independent variable.

Front 45

Mode

Back 45

Most often number.

Front 46

Mean

Back 46

Average of numbers.

Front 47

Meadian

Back 47

Middle number.

Front 48

Range

Back 48

Difference between the high and the low.

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Outlier

Back 49

Number that is way higher/lower than the rest.

Front 50

Standard Deviation

Back 50

A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.

Front 51

Statistical Significants

Back 51

Statistical statement of how likely an obtained result may occur.