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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology can be defined as... |
The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes, and the factors that influence these processes |
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The Ancient Greeks idea on a person's body |
Each person has 4 fluids/ humours called Blood, Phlegm, Melancholy, and Choler. The fluids caused different personalities |
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Hipocates (460-377) BCE -- Father of medicine |
Concluded that the brin was the source of pleasure, joy, laughter, as well as sorrow, grief, pain and tears. People formerly believed thinking took place in the heart |
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John Locke (1643-1704) -- Father of psychology |
Argued the mind receives information from the senses in which turns this information into complex ideas |
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Tabula Rasa |
Blank Slate -- your brain is empty at birth and as you live you fill it up |
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Phelgmatic |
- Cold - Lazy - Sluggish - Indifferent |
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Choleric |
- Hot headed - Violent - Vengeful - Short-tempered - Passionate |
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Sanguine |
- Temperate - Approachable - Happy - Generous - Irrepsonisble |
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Melancholic |
- Sad - Depressive - Sentimental - Gluttenous - Shallow |
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6 Branches of Pyschology |
- Sturcturalism - Functionalism - Psychoanalysis - Behaviourism - Humanism - Cognitive Psychology |
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William Windt (Structuralism) |
- Experimented on human perception, sensation, and attention - Human consciousness can be broken down to various parts |
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William James (Functionalism) |
- Notices that people adapted their behavious to the needs of their surroundings/ environment - The brain is developed tp solve problems |
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Sigmund Freud (Psychoanalysis) |
- Helped patients discover events of past childhood events - Dreams can be used to interpret personal anxieties/ stresses - Nervous disorders stem from unconscious mind |
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John Watson (Behaviourism) |
- We can't analyze the brain, only behaviour - All behaviour is a response to environmental stimulus - Human behvaiour is predicted and controlled by looking at factors that motivate in the first place. (Childhood influences on out adult life) |
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Abraham Maslow (Humanism) |
- Humans are reactive to other people's behaviour - We are able to control our lives, we should not be dominated by drives and emotions, or the wants/needs of others. |
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John Piaget (Cognitive Psychology) |
- Studied mental processes involved in memory learning, thinking, and researching in the brain - We are influenced early in life through elementary school |
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The brain then and now |
In earlier times the brain was understood to be a form of "cranial stuffing" (fluff under the skul)
Today we understand the brain to be the source of the conscious. cognitive mind. |
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Average human brain weighs ... |
About 3 pounds |
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Brain cells begin to die if... |
they do not get oxygen for 3-5 minutes |
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Frontal Lobe |
- Emotions - Personality - Planning - Body Movement - Problem Solving - Reasoning |
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Parietal Lobe |
- Sensation - Orientation - Perception of stimuli - Body position - Recognition - Touch |
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Temporal Lobe |
- Hearing - Language - Memory - Speech - Perception of sound |
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Occipital Lobe |
- Controls vision |
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Cerebellum |
- Controls balance and coordination |
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Brainstem |
Regulates basic body functions |
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Perception |
The process by which we experience things through our senses |
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3 Factors Influencing Perception |
1) The object of perception 2) Background and surrounding 3) The perceiver |
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The Object of Perception |
Large noisy, smelly, and/or moving object tend to attract attention |
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Background and surrounding |
Surrounding at the moment of perception will affect hoe we perceive things. (E.g. you will enjoy dinner more in a fancy restaurant with whose company you enjoy) |
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The perceiver |
Each of us bring a unique experience and personal point of viw to each situation
(E.g. a bad experience learning math may affect the way you perceive your next learning experience) |
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Sensation |
The process that activates our sense receptors - sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch |
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Generalization (Pavlov) |
Stimuli similar to the one used in the test situation can bring about the same reaction. |
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Extinction (Pavlov) |
When stimuli no longer brings the conditioned response
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Classical conditioning |
A pleasant or unpleasant reinforcement comes before the desired behaviour.
(E.g. used to explain the attitudes, feelings, and basic physical responses.) |
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Operant Conditioning |
The behaviour comes before the reinforcement
(E.g. provides an explanation for highly complex behaviours/ skills --> chocolates on th) |
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Concepts |
A concept is a category of objects, ideas, or events that share the same characteristics. They are used to group similar items together.
they allow us to connect objects, events and ideas that are similar and to distinguish those that are different |
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Deductive Reasoning |
- Reasoning to draw conclusions - General to specific knowledge - Knowledge truths based on other truths |
