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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Manifest Content |
The story the dreamer tells |
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Latent content |
The meaning underlying the dream, symbols can be translated and reveal unconsious thoughts |
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Condensation |
When many thoughts from the unconsious are represnted in the dream as one |
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Displacement |
Where something unimportant in the dream is made central to shift attention from what is really important |
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Secondary Elaboration |
How the dreamer tells the story by changing and adding things, this makes analysis hard |
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Psychoanalysis |
Freuds therapy, designed to realise unconsious thoughts |
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Free Assosiation |
A method of freuds where the patient expresses a flow of consiousness, this helps uncover links which can be interpreted |
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Slip of the tounge |
When someone uses the wrong word for something, Freud analysis these slips to help uncover unconsious thoughts |
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Dream Analysis |
A method used by Freud to help uncover unconsious thoughts by analysing dreams and symnbols |
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Qualitative Data |
Data involving words e.g stories |
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Valid |
Findings about studies that are about real-life of situations |
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Subjective |
Where the reasearcher is affecting how the info is gathered e.g by their interpretation |
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Objective |
Where the reasearchers veiws do not affect the information gathered |
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Repressed |
When something is pushed into the unconsious because it is to hard to deal with |
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Falling in a dream can be interpreted as... |
Loosing control |
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Process of psychoanalysis |
The analyst listens to the description of the dream, they then analyse the symbols in the dream to uncover the latent content. |
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Psychoanalysis takes a long time because... |
Many dreams have to be linked and many sessions undergone before the analysis can start to suggest what the dream might symbolise |
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Strengths of Freuds theory |
He gathered in-depth, detailed and valid data about individuals and listened cafefully to his patients and he used unique methods to find data that was difficult to access |
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Weaknesses of Freuds theory |
His samples were biased (mostly middle class viennese women) so results are not generalisable and he interpreted his findings so was subjective, therefore unreliable |
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Neuron |
A cell in the body which sends infomation using electrical and chemical processes |
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Axon |
The 'cable' that leads down from the neuron to the terminal buttons where the neurotransmitters are held. |
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Impulse |
The electrical signal that travels over neurons |
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Neurotransmitter |
The chemical realised by the impulse at the terminal button of a neuron into the synaptic gap |
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Synaptic Gap |
The gap between the dendrites at ones neuron to the next |
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Synaptic transmission |
When the neurotransmitters travel across the synaptic gap to the next neuron |
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Activation-Synthisis Model |
Hobson and MCcarleys model of dreaming, the brain is active but no sensory infomation is coming to it, the brain puts the info it has together to make sense of it. |
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Activation |
During REM sleep where neurons are fired off randomly |
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Synthisis |
Where the brain puts the messages together to make sence of it |
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Sensory Blockade |
During REM sleep where no infomation enters through the senses |
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Movement Inhabition |
The state during REM sleep where the body is paralysed and there is no movement |
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Evidence for the activation-synthisis model |
REM sleep happens every night and happens regularly, sleep labs show this. As everyone has movement inhabition and sensory blockade they felt there must besomething happening in the brain itself to produce dreams |
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Study to provide evidence for Activation synthisis |
H&Mc tested cats to see which area of the brain was active during REM sleep, they found the RAS was involved in shutting down physical movement |
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Weaknesses of activation-synthesis |
Many people recognise parts of their dreams from something that happened in the day or their lives, this shows that thoughts arnt as random as suggested. Also Lucid Dreaming does not agree as this shows dreams are controllable |
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Hobson and McCarleys theory is more __________ than Freuds because it needs less interpretation |
Objective |
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Methods used by Hobson and McCarley |
Neurotransmitter Functioning, Animal Experiments, Brain Scanning. |
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Hobson and McCarleys theory is the ________ side of the debate, where as freud is both because of the unconsious and its contents |
Nature |
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Freuds theory lacks ________ because of the lack of scientific methods but H&Mc doesnt because of scientific methods and animal studies |
Creditibility |
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Case study |
A research method for studying an individual or small group and gathering in depth detail |
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Privacy |
you should not have to tell the researcher private infomation |
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Confidentiallity |
not sharing infomation of the participants to the public without permisson |
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Phallic |
term used to refer to anything said to relate to the mail penis |
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Oedipus Complex |
the idea that a boy from about the age of 4 will have unconsious thoughts for his mother and want his fater out of the waym but fears his father too. |
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Little hans communicated to Freud through _______________ |
His parents |
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Little Hans was afraid of what? |
Horses, freud analysed this and his dreams to see what was causing the phobia. |
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Just before hans was 5, he woke crying and said he thought his mummy was gone, freud said this was an anxiety dream showing he was afraid his mother would leave, this is evidence for...? |
The oedipus complex |
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Freud thought little hans was in the _______ stage, where sexual intrest is trensfered onto their mother |
Phallic |
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Little Hans also had a dream about giraffes, in the dream hans took the crumpled giraffe away from the big giraffe and the big giraffe shouted out, and then he sat on the crumpled giraffe, how did freud interpret the dream? |
The crumpled giraffe was hans' mother, and when hans took her away and the big giraffe shouted, it shows little hans wanted to take his mother away from his father, this is evidence for the oedipus complex. |
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Job of a psychoanalysis |
to uncover unconsious wishes and desires to find reasons for the patients problems to help solve them, or train other psychoanalysists. They listen and observe focusing on emotion, they record their findings, help the person understand their emotions and realising underlying issues |
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Who do psychoanalysists work with? |
People with mental heath issues e.g OCD, Phobias or Anxiety |
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Who do psychoanalysists work for? |
Often for themselfs in private clinicts, they arnt imployed by the NHS |
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Skills and qualifications needed to be a psychoanalysist |
Carefully listen and observe others, to not be judgemental. You need a degree and have to be undergoing the therapy yourself. Training lasts 4 years and is part time. year 1; general theories year 2&3; analysis of patients-supervised |
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Insomnia |
most common, means that someone can not sleep or stay asleep. caused by stress or other mental illnesses, can be treated with drugs or relaxation |
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Hypersomnia |
Means people fall asleep at all times of the day, caused by narcolepsy or not getting enough sleep |
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Narcolepsy |
Sudden sleep attacks- brain disease |
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Circadian rhythm disorders |
Causes problems with the sleep cycle and body clock, caused by changes in sleep and can be treated by bright lights to reset the body clock |
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Parasomnias |
Occur in sleep such as nightmares, sleep terrors and sleep walking |
