Psychology : Test Ii

Front 1

Dendrites

Back 1

short fibers that beranch out from the cell body and pick up incoming messages; highly specialized to do various tasks

Front 2

Cell body

Back 2

basically the meat of the cell where the nucleus, DNA, and everything else is found

Front 3

Axon

Back 3

single long fiber extending from the cell body; it carries outgoing messages

Front 4

Myelin sheath

Back 4

white fatty covering found on most cells; its purpose is to insulate the neuron so the action potential is faster

Front 5

Gilial cells (support cells)

Back 5

cells that form the myelin sheath, they insulate and support neurons by holding them together, removng waste products, and preventing harmful substances from passing from the bloodstream

Front 6

ions

Back 6

electrically charged molecules found outside and inside the neuron

Front 7

Resting potential

Back 7

electrical charge across a neuron membrane due to excess positive ions concentrated on the outside and negative inos on the inside

Front 8

Polarization

Back 8

the condition of a neuron when th einside is negatively charged realtive to the outside; for example, when the neuron is at rest

Front 9

Action Potential

Back 9

the firing of a nerve cell
-when sodium ions continuously flow in to the neuron action potential is created

Front 10

Graded Potential

Back 10

a shift in the electrical charge in a tiny area of a neuron

Front 11

Threshold of Excitation

Back 11

the level of an impulse must exceed to cause a neuron to fire

Front 12

Absolute Refractory Period

Back 12

the length of time after an action potential when another action potential cannot begin

Front 13

Relative Refractory Period

Back 13

a period after firing when a neuron is returning to its normal polarized state and will fire again only if the incoming message is much stronger than usual

Front 14

All Or None Law

Back 14

priniciple that the action potential in a neuron does not vary in strength, the neuron either fires at full strength or not at all

Front 15

Termianl Button or Synaptic knob

Back 15

structure at the end of an axon terminal branch

Front 16

Synaptic Space

Back 16

the gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron

Front 17

Synapse

Back 17

the area composed of the axon terminal of one neuron, the synaptic space, and the dendrite or cell body of the next neuron

Front 18

Synaptic Vesicle

Back 18

tiny sac in a terminal button that releases chemicals into the synapse

Front 19

neurotransmitters

Back 19

chemicals released by the synaptic vesicles that travel across the synaptic space and affect adjacent neurons

Front 20

receptor sites

Back 20

a location on a receptor neuron into which a specific neurotransmitter fits like a key

Front 21

plasticity

Back 21

the ability of the brain to change in response to experience

Front 22

cerebral cortex

Back 22

the outer surface of the two cerebral hemispheres that regulate most complex behavior

Front 23

thalumus

Back 23

forebrain region that relays and translates incoming messages from the sense receptors

Front 24

hypothalamus

Back 24

forebrain region that governs motivation and emotional responses

Front 25

cerebellum

Back 25

structure in the hindbrain that contains certain reflexes and coordinates the body's movement

Front 26

pons

Back 26

part of the hindbrain that connects the cerebral cortex at the top of the brain to the cerebellum

Front 27

medulla

Back 27

part of the hindbrain that controls such functions as breathing heart rate and blood pressure

Front 28

frontal lobe

Back 28

part of the cerebral cortex responsible for voluntary movement;it is also important for attention, goal-directed behavior and appropriate emotional experiences

Front 29

parietal lobe

Back 29

part of the cerebral cortex that receives sensory information from throughout the body

Front 30

occipital lobe

Back 30

part of the cerebral hemisphere that receives and interprets visual information

Front 31

temporal lobe

Back 31

part of the cerebral hemisphere that helps regulate hearing, balance and equilibrium, and certain emotions and motivation

Front 32

corpus callosum

Back 32

a thick band of nerve fibers connecting the left and right cerebral cortices and enabling them to cooperate in their functioning

Front 33

reticular formation

Back 33

network of neurons in the hindbrain, the midbrain, and part of the forebrain whose primary function is to alert and arouse the higher parts of the brain

Front 34

neurotransmitters

Back 34

chemicals released by the synaptic vesicles that travel across the synaptic space and affect adjacent neurons

Front 35

receptor sites

Back 35

a location on a receptor neuron into which a specific neurotransmitter fits like a key

Front 36

plasticity

Back 36

the ability of the brain to change in response to experience

Front 37

cerebral cortex

Back 37

the outer surface of the two cerebral hemispheres that regulate most complex behavior

Front 38

thalumus

Back 38

forebrain region that relays and translates incoming messages from the sense receptors

Front 39

hypothalamus

Back 39

forebrain region that governs motivation and emotional responses

Front 40

cerebellum

Back 40

structure in the hindbrain that contains certain reflexes and coordinates the body's movement

Front 41

pons

Back 41

part of the hindbrain that connects the cerebral cortex at the top of the brain to the cerebellum

Front 42

medulla

Back 42

part of the hindbrain that controls such functions as breathing heart rate and blood pressure

Front 43

frontal lobe

Back 43

part of the cerebral cortex responsible for voluntary movement;it is also important for attention, goal-directed behavior and appropriate emotional experiences

Front 44

parietal lobe

Back 44

part of the cerebral cortex that receives sensory information from throughout the body

Front 45

occipital lobe

Back 45

part of the cerebral hemisphere that receives and interprets visual information

Front 46

temporal lobe

Back 46

part of the cerebral hemisphere that helps regulate hearing, balance and equilibrium, and certain emotions and motivation

Front 47

corpus callosum

Back 47

a thick band of nerve fibers connecting the left and right cerebral cortices and enabling them to cooperate in their functioning

Front 48

reticular formation

Back 48

network of neurons in the hindbrain, the midbrain, and part of the forebrain whose primary function is to alert and arouse the higher parts of the brain

Front 49

The Limbic System

Back 49

ring of structures that play a role in learning and emotional behavior

Front 50

The Spinal Cord

Back 50

complex cable of neurons that run down the spine, connecting the brain to most of the rest of the body

Front 51

hypothalumus

Back 51

regulates the stress response and is involved with emotional behavior

Front 52

analysis and problem solving take place here ?

Back 52

cerebral cortex

Front 53

The Somatic Nervous System

Back 53

connects the brain to the skeletal muscles

Front 54

The Autonomic Nervous System

Back 54

connects brain to essential functions (i.e. breathing, heart rate, glands)

Front 55

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 55

branch of the autonomic nervous system that calms and relaxes the body

Front 56

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 56

branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for quick action in an emergency

Front 57

pituitary gland

Back 57

gland located on the underside of the brain, it produces the largest number of the body's hormones`

Front 58

thyroid gland

Back 58

endocrine gland located below the voice box that produces the hormone thyroxin which is responsible for metabolism

Front 59

parathyroid gland

Back 59

four tiny glands embedded in the thyroids that secrete parathyroxin controls and balabces levels of calcium in the blood and has a direct effect on the exicitability of the nervous system

Front 60

pineal gland

Back 60

gland located roughly in the center of the brain that appears to regulate activity levels over the course of the day has a lot to do with melatonin

Front 61

pancreas

Back 61

organ lying between the stomach and small intestine that secretes insulin and glycagon to regulate blood sugar levels

Front 62

gonads

Back 62

the reproductive glands-testes in males, ovaries in females

Front 63

adrenal glands

Back 63

two endocrine glands located just above the kidneys that affect the body's reaction to stress