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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is personality? |
Unique thinking, acting, and feeling throughout life |
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What two things help make up your personality? |
Character and temperament |
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What is character in regards to personality? |
Judgements about morals/ethics |
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What is temperament in regards to personality? |
Characteristics you're born with (irritability) |
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Who created the Psychodynamic Perspective and why? |
Freud created it to showcase the importance of the unconscious mind |
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What are the three parts of the Psychodynamic Perspective? |
ID SUPEREGO EGO |
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Describe ID |
-Only part you're born with -Contains your basic needs and drives, such as sex, thirst, and food drives. -Impulsive (pleasure principle) |
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What is the pleasure principle? |
When the ID wants immediate satisfaction |
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Describe the SUPEREGO |
-Your set of morals and values -Counteract your ID -Your conscious |
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Describe EGO |
-Reality principle (decision maker) -Needs to satisfy the ID and the SUPEREGO as best as it can |
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What are defense mechanisms? |
Mind's way of getting rid of anxiety |
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What are the three defense mechanisms? |
-Denial -Rationalization -Sublimation |
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Describe denial (DM) |
-Most basic -Don't believe the truth |
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Describe rationalization (DM) |
When you make up excuses for your behavior |
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Describe sublimation (DM) |
Express unacceptable ideas in socially acceptable ways |
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Describe Jung's theory of personality |
Collective Unconsciousness--ideas that we as a society share with each other |
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Describe Adler's theory of personality |
Inferiority drives personality |
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Describe Erickson's theory of personality |
Psychosocial theory |
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Who are the three Neo-Freudians we talked about in class for their personality theories? |
-Jung -Adler -Erickson |
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Explain Bandura's Reciprocal Determinism |
Internal personal/cognitive factors leads to environmental factors leads to behavior (liking high risk activities, finding friends who bungee-jump, learning to bungee-jump) |
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Explain Locus of Control |
-Source of control in your life |
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What are the two types of Locus |
Internal and external |
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Explain internal locus |
Believe that you control your own destiny |
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Explain eternal locus |
Believe that outside forces control your destiny |
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What is humanism? |
Belief that everyone at their core is good |
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Who is known for humanism? |
Carl Rogers |
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What is self actualization? |
Being the best person you can be |
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What is self concept? |
Your sense of who you are |
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What is unconditional positive regard? |
-Allows for most accurate self concept -Basic support and acceptance of person regardless of what they do |
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What is a trait? |
Consistent way of thinking and behaving |
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What did Allport find in regards to traits? |
He found 200 traits using the thesaurus |
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Explain Cattell and the 16PF trait theory |
-Surface traits are seen by others -Source traits are basic and underlie surface traits (introversion underlies shyness) |
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Explain what trait theories are less and more concerned with |
-Less concerned with explaining -More concerned with describing and predicting |
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Explain the Big 5 trait theory |
OCEAN (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness & neuroticism) |
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Explain the influence of genetics on traits |
-MZ twins more similar, despite nurture -Adopted kids more related to birth parents |
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Explain Lazarus' Two Step Process |
-Primary and secondary appraisal -Type A, B, and C |
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What are the two types of appraisal for Lazarus' Two Step Process? |
Primary-inital judgement of the stressor Secondary-Determine what resources you have to deal with the stressor |
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Describe a person who is Type A |
-Workaholic, competitive, hostile, hard to relax -3X more likely to get heart disease |
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Describe a person who is Type B |
-Easy going, slow to anger, relaxed |
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Describe a person who is Type C |
-Pleasant, find it hard to express emotions -Have higher risks of cancer |
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What are the 3 personality assessments? |
-Interviews -Behavioral Assessments -Personality inventory |
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What are interviews (personality assessment) |
-Likely to be 'unstructured" -Person provides self-report data |
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What are behavioral assessments (personality assessments) |
Direct observations of individual's behvior |
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What is personality inventory (personality assessment) |
-Standard set of questions -Yes, no, and can't decide type answers -More objective and reliable than the other methods |
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What are the two types of personality inventories? |
-MMPI-2
-Myers-Briggs Type Indicator |
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What is MMPI-1? |
-Most commonly used inventory -567 questions to catch cheaters |
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What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator? |
-Extraversion vs Introversion -Logic vs Emotion |
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What are projective tests? |
-Ambiguous stimuli -No right or wrong answers -Personality is projected into your answer -(Not as reliable) |
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What is the Rorschach Inkblot Test |
Show blot of ink and say first thing that comes to mind |
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What is the Thematic Apperception Test? |
You are shown a picture and you are asked to tell a story |
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How far back does the history of disorders go? |
Evidence back to 3,000 BC (lobotomies) |
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What is statistical deviance? |
Frequency of behavior |
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What is abnormal? |
-Subjective to discomfort and distress -Inability to function normally -Context must be taken into account |
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What are the three views on why abnormal behavior occurs? |
-Medical/Biological view -Behavioral view -Biopsychosocial view |
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What is the Medical/Biological view on why abnormal behavior occurs? |
Abnormal behavior is a medical problem. There could be something biologically wrong with a person. |
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What is the Behavioral view on why abnormal behavior occurs? |
We learn to behave abnormal, just like we learn to behave other ways. |
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What is the Biopsychosocial view on why abnormal behavior occurs? |
Mental illness is a combination of biological issues, social issues, and psychological issues. |
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How do we diagnose mental illness? |
DSM-5 |
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What is DSM-5? |
-Describes about 250 disorders -Criteria of symptoms -Does not determine cause |
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At any time, what % of American's suffer from a mental illness? |
25% |
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What is comorbidity? |
Occurrence of more than one disorder at a time
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What is the most common category of disorder? |
Anxiety Disorders |
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What are anxiety disorders characterized by? |
Characterized by nervous system arousal (physical) and sense of dread/fear (mental) |
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What are the four anxiety disorders talked about in class? |
-Phobias -Panic disorder -Obsessive-complusive Disorder -Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
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What is a phobia? |
Irrational fear |
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What are the two types of phobias? |
Specific and social |
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What is specific phobia? |
Fear of specific objects or situations |
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What is social phobia? |
Fear of public embarrassment |
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What is panic disorder? |
Suffers from panic attacks |
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What are panic attacks |
An unpredictable wave of intense anxiety |
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What is obsessive-complusive disorder |
Everything has to be perfect |
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What is the obsession part of OCD? |
Persistant upsetting thought |
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What is the compassion part of OCD? |
Repetitive behavior that reduces anxiety |
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What are the three types of OCD? |
Cleaners, counters, or checkers |
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What is post-traumatic stress disorder? |
Person will re-experience a traumatic event long after the trauma has past (person will avoid any situation that reminds them of the event) |
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What are Dissociative Disorders? |
-Person experiences changes in memory, identity or consciousness -Least common disorder |
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What are the three types of dissociative disorders?
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-Dissociative Amnesia -Dissociative Fugue -Dissociative Identity Disorder |
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What is dissociative amnesia? |
Autobiographical information is lost (produced by a traumatic event) |
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What is dissociative fugue? |
Travel with no knowledge of identity |
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What is dissociative identity disorder? |
-Formerly known as multiple personality -Has at least two distinct personalities -Host has no knowledge of alter personalities |
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What are the five types of disorders talked about in class? |
-Anxiety -Dissociative -Mood -Eating -Personality |
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What are mood disorders? |
Abnormalities in your mood |
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What is major depression? |
-'Common cold' of mental disorders -Effects behavioral, emotional, and cognitive -Suicide tendency -More common in females |
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What is bipolar disorder (manic depression)? |
-Two emotional extremes (depression and mania) |
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What is mania? |
Full of energy and optimistic |
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What is Bipolar I? |
Go from normal to mania |
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What is Bipolar II? |
Go from depressed to normal to mania |
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What are eating disorders? |
Abnormalities in eating habits |
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Are eating disorders more common in men or women? |
Women |
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What are eating disorders often comorbid with? |
Anxiety and depression |
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What is anorexia nervosa? |
Someone who has a refusal to maintain even a low body weight, with an intense fear of gaining weight |
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Give some information regarding anorexia |
-Physical symptoms occur, impacting almost all of their systems -May also purge after eating -Mortality rate is 10% |
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What is bulimia nervosa? |
Binge-purge behavior |
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Give information on bulimia |
-May not purge after feeding (insane exercise) -Diagnosed at 2-3 times a month |
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What percentage of the population is schizophrenic? |
1% |
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What age does schizophrenia occur? |
Late teens to late 20's onset |
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What are positive systems of schizophrenia? |
Symptoms made known by their presence |
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What are delusions? |
Believe something that is not true |
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What are the two types of delusion in regards to schizophrenia? |
-Delusion of Persecution -Delusion of Grandeur |
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What is delusion of persecution? |
You believe that people/things are out to get you |
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What is delusion of grandeur? |
You believe that you are better than everyone else |
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What are hallucinations in regards to schizophrenia? |
Hearing and seeing things that are not there |
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What are speech and thought in regards to schizophrenia? |
Very hard to follow their path of thoughts |
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What are the three positive symptoms for schizophrenia? |
-Delusions -Hallucinations -Speech and thought |
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What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia? |
Symptoms made known by their absence |
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What are the two negative symptom of schizophrenia? |
-Flat affect -Social withdrawal |
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What is flat affect? |
Emotionless or inappropriate emotion |
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What is social withdrawal? |
Not engage much with others |
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What are the four types of schizophrenia? |
-Paranoid -Disorganized -Catatonic -Undifferentiated |
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What is paranoid schizophrenia? |
Delusional thinking and hallucinations
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What is disorganized schizophrenia? |
Speech and thought symptoms |
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What is catatonic schizophrenia? |
A disorder of movement...move between two extremes of widely moving their bodies to striking a pose and standing motionless for hours on end |
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What is undifferentiated schizophrenia? |
You meet the criteria, but you are not any of the other three other types |
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What is the Stress Vulnerability Model? |
What you inherit is a vulnerability. That vulnerability can be triggered by a traumatic event, causing you to become schizophrenic. |
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What are personality disorders? |
Odd/eccentric, dramatic, or anxious behavior |
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What is antisocial personality disorder? |
-Lawless behavior, disregard rights -May not be sociopathic -Affects more men |
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What is borderline personality disorder? |
-Unstable relationships -Impulsive, fear abandonment -Affects more women |
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Explain the history of treatment for mental disorders |
-Asylums -Less for treatment, more for contentment |
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What are the three types of therapy? |
-Insight therapy -Action therapy -Biomedical therapy |
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What is insight therapy? |
Goal is to get the patient to understand motives/actions |
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What is action therapy? |
Goal of changing the patient's behavior |
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What is biomedical therapy? |
Use of drugs or surgery to alter the brain directly |
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What is psychodynamic therapy? (insight therapy) |
Goal is to understand unconscious mind |
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What three methods are used during psychodynamic therapy? |
-Dream interpretation -Free association -Transference |
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What is dream interpretation? (psychodynamic) |
Window into the unconscious mind |
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What is free association? (psychodynamic) |
Person freely talks about whatever comes to their mind |
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What is transference? (psychodynamic) |
Certain wishes/beliefs would be transferred onto the therapist |
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What is humanistic therapy? |
Focus on person's sense of self |
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What is Roger's Client Centered Therapy? |
-Provide unconditioned positive regard -Be nondirective-person does the work of figuring out the problem -Therapist is empathetic |
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What are the two types of insight therapies? |
Psychodynamic and humanistic |
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What does behavior therapies use? |
Use learning principles...the patient is told what to do |
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What is systematic desensitization? |
Used to gradually get rid of fear response..start with lowest fear |
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Describe systematic desensitization |
-Muscle relaxation -Hierarchy of stimuli....levels of fears |
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What is aversion training? |
Take a behavior and pair it with an unpleasant stimuli? |
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What is an example of aversion training? |
Rapid smoking--make the smoker smoke quickly so it makes them sick |
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What are the three therapies used within action therapy? |
-Systematic desensitization -Aversion training -Exposure therapy |
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What is exposure therapy? |
Gradual exposure or flooding of fear through vivo, imagined or VR |
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What does exposure therapy work well for? |
Anxiety disorders |
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What does cognitive therapies do? |
Helps people change their thinking |
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Explain Beck's Cognitive Therapy |
Focus on thinking distortions |
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What are the two thinking distortions? |
-Arbitrary inference (jumping to conclusions) -Catastr |
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What is arbitrary inference + example? (thinking distortion) |
-Jumping to conclusions -Person canceled lunch date so other person thinks that person is going to dump them |
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What is catastrophic exaggeration + example? (thinking distortion) |
-When something bad happens, you automatically think the worst -Good student gets an F on a test and believe that he'll fail the class and lose his scholarship |
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What is Cognitive-behavioral therapy? |
-Cognition impacts behavior -Cognition can be changed -Change cognition--> change behavior |
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What are the two types of cognitive therapies? |
-Beck's Cognitive Therapy -Cognitive-behavior Therapy |
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Does psychotherapy even work? |
-Patients believe that it helps them -The longer in therapy, the better the improvement -No therapy works for every disorder -Some better at treating certain disorders |
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What is cybertherapy? |
Patient and therapist virtually interact |
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What are the three types of drugs used for biomedical therapies? |
-Antipsychotic -Anti-anxiety -Anti-depression |
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What are antipsychotic drugs given for? |
Given for hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior |
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What do antipsychotic drugs block? |
Most block dopamine |
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What do antipsychotic drugs effectively treat? |
Schizophrenia |
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How long can antipsychotic drugs be taken? |
May be taken for a lifetime |
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How quickly do anti-anxiety drugs start working? |
20-30 minutes |
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Which drug has the highest potential for abuse and addiction? |
Anti-anxiety |
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How quickly do anti-depressant drugs work? |
2-6 weeks before fully effective |
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What anti-depressant drug is commonly given? |
SSRI |
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What are the other two more serious therapies used to treat mental illness? |
Electroconvulsive therapy and Psychosurgery |
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What is electroconvulsive therapy? |
-Intentionally induce a seizure through use of an electronic current -Few side effects (memory loss) -Patient doens't respond to drugs/therapy |
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What is psychosurgery? |
-Altering the brain through surgery -Used only as a last resort in certain cases -Treatment is irreversible -Lobotomy was first modern brain surgery |
