Psychology Test

Front 1

Psychology

Back 1

The study of human's behavior and mental processes.
1. Observe
2. Explain and understand
3. Predict behavior
4. Control behavior

Front 2

Biological approach to psychology

Back 2

Look at genes, hormones, anything that goes on in the body. Treatment: medicine

Front 3

Cognitive approach to psychology

Back 3

Beck and Ellis
How we process information and how the information influences our thoughts.

Front 4

Behavioral approach to psychology

Back 4

Pavlov, Watson, Skinner
Focuses on behavior and how our behavior is influenced by the environment. No free will because everything's influenced by environment.
If u want to change behavior, look at environment first.

Front 5

Psychoanalytic approach to psychology

Back 5

Freud, Jung
Stresses the influences of your unconscious fears and development of personality.
ex. childhood experiences influence your personality

Front 6

Humanistic approach to psychology

Back 6

Maslow, Rogers
Self concept- you choose who you want to be and how you want to feel. A lot to do with free will.

Front 7

Cross Culture approach to psychology

Back 7

Looks at influences of culture. Understanding cultural concepts will help understand someone's problems.

Front 8

Developmental Psychology

Back 8

Focuses on development of children and adolescents. How we progress and mature as an individual.

Front 9

Forensic Psychology

Back 9

Interplay of psychology and our legal system. Why a criminal did a crime.

Front 10

Industrial Organizational Psychology

Back 10

Psychology in the business world.

Front 11

Consumer Psychology

Back 11

Deals with manipulating consumer into buying things.

Front 12

Social Psychology

Back 12

How social environment affects us.
ex. peer pressure, racism, etc.

Front 13

Physiological Psychology

Back 13

How psychology and biology come together. How your physical self and emotional self impact each other.

Front 14

Clinical Psychology

Back 14

Diagnosis, and treatment for people with psychological problems.

Front 15

Behaviorism

Back 15

An approach to psychology that behavior can be studied and explained without looking at anything eternal.
(Behaviors are the result of learning and environmental conditioning- reward/punishment)

Front 16

Learning

Back 16

Change in behavior that results from previous behaviors. Learning helps us adapt to our environment.

Front 17

Classical conditioning

Back 17

Pavlov. Pairing an object with a natural effect to change behavior. *Only works with involuntary behavior.

Front 18

Example of classical conditioning

Back 18

Food(unconditioned stimulus)->salivate(unconditioned response)
Bell(neutral stimulus)-> food(ucs) -> salivate(ucr)
Bell(conditioned stimulus)-> salivate(conditioned response)

Front 19

Higher order conditioning

Back 19

When you add another neutral stimulus. (3 times max)

Front 20

Generalization

Back 20

Generalizing the neutral stimulus. (dog salivating to sound of keys because same sound as bell)

Front 21

Extinguish burst

Back 21

Expose them to fear slowly, but sometimes they remember they're scared and burst out. Usually only happens once or twice.

Front 22

Phobias

Back 22

Classically conditioned to get over it, exposure treatment

Front 23

Flooding

Back 23

Expose someone full on (forced) to their fear. Effective but not done often.

Front 24

Systematic Disensitization

Back 24

Create a list, what's least scary for me and keep going slowly until exposed 100% to fear

Front 25

Backwards Conditioning

Back 25

When you switch order of bell and food. First bring out food and then ring bell. No conditioning will take place.

Front 26

Operant Conditioning

Back 26

B.F. Skinner. Voluntary behavior.
Operant=how an organism operates on environment=how we respond to what's presented to us in environment=we learn based on natural consequences of environment.

Front 27

Law of Effect

Back 27

Thorndike. Anything that was followed by desirable consequence, we're likely to do again and anything followed by undesirable consequence we're likely to not do again.

Front 28

Consequence

Back 28

Result. *not always negative

Front 29

2 types of consequences

Back 29

Reinforcement-something that helps to maintain/increase behavior

Punishment- something meant to decrease behavior

Front 30

Positive Reinforcement

Back 30

Adding something to situation to increase likelihood of behavior.
ex- child helps->you praise them->will help again

Front 31

Negative Reinforcement

Back 31

Taking something uncomfortable away from situation to increase behavior.
ex- buckle seat belt->beeping stops->buckle again

Front 32

Positive Punishment

Back 32

Adding something to situation to decrease behavior.
ex- take car->grounded->can't take car. (pain added)

Front 33

Negative Punishment

Back 33

Taking something away to decrease behavior. (loss involved)
ex-takes car->take away car privileges

Front 34

Shaping

Back 34

Reward each step of process

Front 35

Continuous Reinforcement

Back 35

Every time person does targeted behavior, you reinforce it.
Pro-Fastest way to get behavior started
Con- a. If reward stops, behavior stops
b. Person will decide they don't want reward anymore.

Front 36

Partial Reinforcement

Back 36

Fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio, variable interval.

Front 37

Fixed Ratio

Back 37

Set pattern based on how often you do behavior

Front 38

Fixed Interval

Back 38

Set pattern based on time passing. *least powerful

Front 39

Variable Ratio

Back 39

Reward based on how often you do something but reward pattern always changes. Ex- slot machines.
*most powerful

Front 40

Variable Interval

Back 40

Reward based on time passing but reward always changing. Ex-checking voicemail

Front 41

Social Learning Theory

Back 41

Bandura. Learning involves mental processing: attention+memory.
Learning occurs through observation and imitation. Doesn't have to be reward.

Front 42

Abstract Modeling

Back 42

Look and take something from environment and copy it. Ex- someone from NY with NY attitude and lifestyle adapts to California attitude and lifestyle when they visit.

Front 43

Vicarious Reinforcement

Back 43

You can be reinforced through someone else's rewards and punishments.

Front 44

Reciprocal Determinism

Back 44

I impact my environment and the environment impacts me. Ex- when your in a bad mood either you'll make everyone else in a bad mood or others will have a positive mood affect on you.