Psychology Test

Front 1

detection of physical energy emitted or reflected on physical objects
*located in the sense organs

Back 1

sensation

Front 2

a set of mental operations that organize sensory impulses into meaningful patterns
*we perceive the world in 3 dimensions

Back 2

perception

Front 3

the round opening of the eye. when you enter a dim room the pupil widens or dilates, to let more light in.

Back 3

pupil

Front 4

the part of the eye that gives it color

Back 4

iris

Front 5

neural tissue lining the back of the eyeballs interior, which contains the receptors for vision

Back 5

retina

Front 6

visual receptors that respond to dim light

Back 6

rods

Front 7

visual receptors involved in color vision

Back 7

cones

Front 8

the center of the retina where vision is sharpest, contains only cones, clustered densely together.

Back 8

fovea

Front 9

a theory of color perception that proposes 3 mechanisms in the visual system, each sensitive to a certain range of wavelengths: their interaction is assumed to produce all the different experiences of hue

Back 9

the young helmholtz theory of color vision aka trichromatic theory

Front 10

a theory of color perception that assumes that the visual system treats pars of colors as opposing or antagonist.

Back 10

the opponent process theory of color vision

Front 11

when we stare at a particular hue we see red after staring at green.

Back 11

negative afterimages

Front 12

in all but one of these forms, the sides of each papilla are lined with these, which up close look a little like segmented oranges

Back 12

taste buds

Front 13

about 25 % of people are ____ who find saccharin, caffeine, broccoli, and many other substances to be unpleasantly bitter

Back 13

supertasters

Front 14

the theory that the experience of pain depends in part on whether pain impulses get past a neurological "gate" in the spinal cord and thus reach the brain.

Back 14

gate theory of pain

Front 15

sense of smell

Back 15

olfaction

Front 16

neurons in the prefrontal cortex receive both taste and olfactory input and conbine them to produce the perception of flavor

Back 16

olfaction of flavor

Front 17

connection between brain areas responsible for smell and brain areas responsible for memory/emotion

Back 17

olfaction and memory/emotion

Front 18

the intensity at which a given individual can detect a stimulus 50% of the time

Back 18

sensory threshold

Front 19

study of peoples tendencies to make hits, correct rejections, false alarms, and misses

Back 19

signal detection theory

Front 20

test indicates that you are suicidal, and you are really suicidal

Back 20

hit

Front 21

test indicates you are suicidal but you are not really suicidal

Back 21

miss

Front 22

the idea that a stimulus can influence behavior even when it is so weak or brief that we do not perceive it consciously

Back 22

subliminal perception

Front 23

subliminal flash words
*hostile(hostile, unkind) versus neutral(water, between)
*read a paragraph that could be interpreted as hostile(eg "a salesman knocked on the door, but donald refused to let him in")
*participants rate donalds hostility.

Back 23

priming research

Front 24

specialized neurons that respond to the presence of certain simple feautres, such as angles and lines

Back 24

feature detectors

Front 25

focuses on the human ability to perceive overall patterns

Back 25

gestalt psychology

Front 26

one thing the Gestalt psychologists noted was that people always organize the visual field into figure and ground. The figure stands out from the rest of the environment.

Back 26

figure/groud illusion

Front 27

things that are near each other tend to be grouped together.

Back 27

proximity

Front 28

-things that are alike in some way tend to be perceived as belonging together.

Back 28

similarity

Front 29

-lines and patterns tend to be perceived as continuing in time or space.

Back 29

continuation

Front 30

-the brain tends to fill in gaps in order to perceive complete forms.

Back 30

closure

Front 31

-the brain tends to fill in gaps in order to perceive complete forms.

Back 31

closure

Front 32

-good design requires, among other things, that crucial distinctions be visually obvious. For instance, knobs, and switches with different functions should differ in color, texture, or shape, and they should stand out as “figure”.

Back 32

good figure

Front 33

-Ordinarily we need to know not only what something is, but also where it is. Touch gives us this information directly, but vision does not, so we must infer an object’s location by estimating it’s distance or depth.

Back 33

depth perception