Psychology Test 3

Front 1

What source gives you info about mental disorders?

Back 1

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)

Front 2

What are the 4 classes of mental disorders?

Back 2

Schizophrenic; paranoid; mood; antisocial personality

Front 3

Schizophrenic disorder

Back 3

paranoid, hallucinations, delusions – ongoing for longer than 6 months. Speech is disorganized along with behavior.

Front 4

Paranoid disorder

Back 4

most closely related with to criminal/violent behavior. Delusional disorders – more based in reality, not as far fetched.

Front 5

Mood disorder

Back 5

may not adequately comprehend consequences of behavior, or may not even care.

Front 6

Antisocial personality disorder

Back 6

less emotional, callous

Front 7

What type of disorder does Axis 1 of the DSMIV show? Which includes what 2 disorders?

Back 7

psychotic; schizophrenia and paranoid

Front 8

What type of disorder does the Axis 2 of the DSMIV show? Which includes what 2 disorders?

Back 8

personality; less serious mood and antisocial personality

Front 9

What % of offenders will get some sort of mental diagnoses

Back 9

50-100%

Front 10

40-80% of offenders diagnosed with _____. Making it the most ______ diagnosed disorder.

Back 10

ASPD; frequently

Front 11

What % of inmates will receive a major psychiatric disorder? This does not include what disorder?

Back 11

10-15%; ASPD

Front 12

____% of inmates labeled schizophrenic. Mostly what type?

Back 12

17%; paranoid

Front 13

____% of offenders are diagnosed with manic depression. Also known as what?

Back 13

2-3%; bipolar

Front 14

T/F Most inmates are NOT labeled with a major psychiatric disorder

Back 14

True

Front 15

When can doctor/patient confidentiality be broken? What 2 legal terms display the doctors obligation?

Back 15

When a patient may inflict harm on themselves or others;
1.A preponderance of the evidence
2. Clear and convincing proof

Front 16

how do Dr.'s use the "reasonable care approach"

Back 16

they balance issue of reasonable care to protect victims and confidentiality

Front 17

60-70% of Dr.'s breaches of confidentiality turn out to be what?

Back 17

false positives (prediction of violent behavior doesn't happen)

Front 18

Why do physicians often over predict dangerousness? Validate this by looking at "overall behavior".

Back 18

-difficult to predict infrequent behavior; if look at overall behavior, even violent people are infrequently so

Front 19

____ is higher for multiple offenders

Back 19

recidivism

Front 20

What is the best predictor of violent behavior?

Back 20

past violent behavior

Front 21

juveniles with history of violence more likely for future _____.

Back 21

violence

Front 22

How does history of mental illness vary from current mental illness at a predictor of violence?

Back 22

history doesn't necessarily predict it but current mental illness does equal significant future violence

Front 23

What disorder seems most connected to violence? However they are not dangerous to the public because most violence is directed toward whom?

Back 23

schizophrenia; themselves and family

Front 24

T/F 90% w/ severe mental disorders are NOT violent

Back 24

True

Front 25

presence of _____ is best predictor of violence

Back 25

mental illness

Front 26

violence risk assessment guide(VRAG): includes history of what? includes best predictor of violence risk which is what? What does it suggest about the prediction of future violence?

Back 26

alcohol abuse; PCLR score for psycopathy; even present mental illness doesn’t predict violence

Front 27

What risk assessment instrument did the McArthur researchers develop? What can in help clinicians do?

Back 27

The Multiple Interative Classification Tree (ICT); identify low, average, or high risk individuals

Front 28

What research helped the McArthur researchers to come up with the ICT? How did they measure the patients before they left the institute?

Back 28

followed 1000 mental patients for a year after they left the institute; risk factors (134)

Front 29

In summary, what did the McArthur researchers find out about predictors of violence?

Back 29

no single predictor; combination of a lot of risk factors

Front 30

What happened in the Tarasoff case? What law came out of this case? Is it still instated today?

Back 30

Tarasoff was killed by Poddar (the patient) after he told his physician his fantasy of killing this particular woman; duty to warn/protect; most states have done away with the law because it is too hard for a physician to measure dangerousness of a patient

Front 31

Murder accounts for what percent of crimes? Index crimes?

Back 31

1-2%; .2%

Front 32

availability heuristic of murders

Back 32

we think there are more murder than there are because they get a lot of media coverage b/c of the loss of a life

Front 33

What is close to but not considered murder?

Back 33

aggravated assault

Front 34

What are the 2 types of homicides according to the book?

Back 34

murder and non-negligent manslaughter

Front 35

define murder

Back 35

the unlawful killing of one human being by another with malice afterthought, either expressed or implied

Front 36

1st degree murder

Back 36

-murder committed with willful and pre-meditated intent

Front 37

2nd degree murder; give an example

Back 37

lacks the premeditation but still intention and unlawful; crime of passion (wife finds husband cheating and kills him)

Front 38

non-negligent manslaughter

Back 38

no intention to kill

Front 39

negligent manslaughter: what is it similar to? How is it different? give an example.

Back 39

similar to 2nd degree murder; not premeditated but intent changes within the act; ex: husband wants to scare wife and starts choking her, loses control, and intent changes from scare to kill.

Front 40

mass murder: what is it? who usually is the offender? give an example of a mass murderer.

Back 40

occurs with one offender in one place; typically mentally disordered; Charles Whitman climbed up school tower and started shooting random ppl

Front 41

much more likely have a ______ than a serial kill

Back 41

mental mass murder

Front 42

What do mass murders typically do once they are done killing people?

Back 42

Kill themselves

Front 43

family mass murderer: one example of this is a ______; why is this separate from normal mass murders?

Back 43

family annihilator; statistical purposes

Front 44

Spree murder; what do they lack?

Back 44

typical more than one location but only one event; an emotional cool down period

Front 45

A serial murder is classified by what? Are they usually premeditated? give an example.

Back 45

3 or more locations of murders by the same perpetrator/s; yes; Ted Bundy

Front 46

___% of offenders are male; ___% of victims are male; ___% of offenders are unknown

Back 46

75; 65; 30

Front 47

Most offenders are between the ages of ___ and ___. However, black offenders are between the ages of ___ and ___.

Back 47

20-29; 18-22

Front 48

About 75% of offenders are what sex/race?

Back 48

male; african american

Front 49

92% of black victims are killed by what race of offenders? 85% of white victims are killed by what race of offenders?

Back 49

black; black

Front 50

serious crimes are more apt to be committed by what level of socioeconomic status?

Back 50

poor

Front 51

What fraction of murder victims are related or acquainted in some way to the offender?

Back 51

1/2

Front 52

What gender is more likely to get murdered by a stranger? How much more likely? Why?

Back 52

Men; twice; because they put themselves in more dangerous situations

Front 53

____ % all murders are committed with what type of weapon? What % are handguns? Knives?

Back 53

70%; firearm; 85%; less than 13%

Front 54

2 reasons why men won't file abuse charges against their wife

Back 54

1) embarrassment 2) wife punching husband isn’t probably going to hurt him very much

Front 55

___ of women survey were rape victims, ___% of men

Back 55

8%; .3%

Front 56

T/F women are just as likely to be verbally abusive as men

Back 56

True

Front 57

How has a policeman's role in domestic violence changed over the years?

Back 57

They used to have to witness the violence but now can arrest on probable cause

Front 58

___ - ___% in the last 30 years in domestic abuse.

Back 58

35-50%

Front 59

number of male victims of domestic abuse has decreased why?

Back 59

we have given women other avenues (shelters, more likely to get education/have own income) to get out of it than killing husband

Front 60

Has husbands abusing their wives decreased? What is one option that could be used to decrease this?

Back 60

No; anger management

Front 61

What are the 2 stages of violence? What happens in each?

Back 61

Tension building phase: a few arguments build up into lots of arguments and they increase in intensity; some physical intimidation until there is actually a physical event
Reconciliation: I’m so sorry I lost my temper, etc. Usually actually mean it.

Front 62

What is the idea of the cycle of violence?

Back 62

does abuse in childhood/past make you more likely to abuse or be the victim of abuse yourself

Front 63

What are the 4 treatments for abuse?

Back 63

arrest, anger management techniques, restraining orders, exposure reduction theory

Front 64

60% of women with orders will suffer abuse at least ___ more time/s.

Back 64

1

Front 65

What is the exposure reduction theory? Which gender of offender does it have a greater effect on?

Back 65

reduce the # of exposures that women have toward violent situations and provide women with alternatives
-a greater effect on whether wives kill husbands

Front 66

Spontaneous Domestic Homicides: What usuaully happens? organized or disorganized scene? what is "undoing"/given an example.

Back 66

weapon laying out in scene/ hit her with an object and fled; disorganized—didn’t alter scene to lead the police astray; Undoing: the murder is remorseful (ex: taking body and putting on the couch or covering with a blanket)

Front 67

Staged Domestic homicide: What usually happens? organized or disorganized scene?

Back 67

crime was planned and more organized crime scene (clean up blood, dispose of body, try to make death look like an accident or like someone else did it

Front 68

Typical serial homicide offender. What percent are female offenders?

Back 68

White male, fits normally into society; 16%

Front 69

What is investigative profiling? How can the killer throw the investigator off?

Back 69

-compare crime scenes in different areas to see if the crime could have been committed by 1 person

-possible that they will change it up a little and lose their signature

Front 70

What are the most likely victims for serial killers? Name Bundy and Dahmer's typical victims.

Back 70

Children between ages of 8 and 16 are most likely to be victims
Bundy: straight long hair parted in middle females
Dahmer: all male; age and race varied

Front 71

On average serial killers about ___ people for year; 1st murder usually occurs between ___-___ yrs old; criminal backround/previous crimes.

Back 71

4; 24-40; Peeping tom, exposure, minor crimes

Front 72

Why is it possible that serial murders are motivated by sex? What do some believe is a stronger motivation?

Back 72

They have had very few normal sexual experiences; power and control is more important to them than sex.

Front 73

Why do serial killers seek a power relationship?

Back 73

lots of failure in their life and they have frustration

Front 74

what is "magical thinking"

Back 74

don’t usually suffer from delusions but they get caught in their own fantasy world even though they can speak in a coherent rational way

Front 75

In a serial killers case there sometimes an intense relationship between ____ and ____.

Back 75

mother and son

Front 76

What are 3 other common themes for reasons serial killers kill?

Back 76

revenge, enjoyment, sexual stimulation

Front 77

What is a reason a lot of women kill their husbands?

Back 77

money

Front 78

What fraction of males use strangulation/suffocation to kill? mutilation?

Back 78

1/3; 1/2

Front 79

Who is Ted Bundy? What did he do to his victims? Why might this be?

Back 79

drove the VW bug and was the college coed killer; rape, strangulation, sex after death; naive about sex and very few sexual relationships

Front 80

What 2 things showed Bundy was smart and cunning?

Back 80

He has a relationship with a women during the crimes and talked his way out of things she found; he escaped from prison 2 times

Front 81

What did Bundy do in the trial? How did he try to confuse the jury/judge?

Back 81

He defended himself; changed his appearance throughout the trial

Front 82

What is the main killing method of female serial killers? What is the typical senario in which this occurs?

Back 82

poison; nurse to patient

Front 83

What was Dorthea Puente motivated by and what did she do?

Back 83

monetary gain; killed 9 elders in boarding house and cashed SS checks as if they were alive to gain the money

Front 84

how many women have male accomplices in serial killings

Back 84

over half

Front 85

What is a disciple killer? Who is an example of this?

Back 85

A charasmatic leader; Charles Manson

Front 86

Name 4 aspects of Manson's past before he committed the crime as a disciple killer?

Back 86

-mother was bad news; 16 when she had him; would leave him at days/weeks at a time
-no father figure
-divorced, jail, began pimping
-committed a LOT of crimes: stolen credit cards, cars, etc.

Front 87

What was the actress who's death he is famour for? What would he do with is followers?

Back 87

Sharon Tate; have sex with all the women and have them all committ murder

Front 88

What did Manson tell them to brainwash them? What was his one true love?

Back 88

He was Jesus Christ and would lead them to the Golden City; The Beatles

Front 89

What is the visionary type of murderer? What does his crime scene often look like?

Back 89

is driven by voices or visions that demand a particular group of ppl be killed (ex: prostitutes or homosexuals) usually thinks they are directed by God; chaotic, abundance of physical evidence

Front 90

Mission-oriented type of murderer.

Back 90

Same as visionary but doesn't have visions or voices and self-determines the group that should be killed.

Front 91

Hedonistic type of murderer. 3 types and how each gets pleasure.

Back 91

strives for pleasure and thrills and feels people are objects for their own enjoyment;
1. lust: sexual gratification
2. thrill: induce pain or a terrified reaction from the victim
3. comfort: acquire objects that provide comfortable lifestyle

Front 92

Family Annihilator; give an example

Back 92

Usually oldest male in family and kills the entire family at once; abuses alcohol and probably in a state of severe depression
Ex: Colbert, 39, New Hampshire suffocated children and strangled wife; was going to commit suicide but got caught by police and confessed

Front 93

Disgruntled employee

Back 93

Feel they were a victim of a great injustice at the workplace and decide to retaliate; sometimes on some kind of medication or diagnosed with paranoia

Front 94

Type I workplace crime: What is it? What is the most common Type I (with %)? Example.

Back 94

no relationship to the workplace;most common 60-80% is robbery and the murder happens within the crime;
Ex: bombing of abortion clinics

Front 95

Type II workplace crime

Back 95

the offender is a client/costumer of the establishment

Front 96

Type III workplace crime

Back 96

offender is an employee

Front 97

Type VI workplace crime

Back 97

indirect relationship; Ex: friend/wife work at the establishment

Front 98

Set and Run killers' motive:

Back 98

Revenge or want to be famous anonymously or even for profit

Front 99

Oklahoma City bombing: Who did it? Why did they say they did it? How many were killed? Do they show remorse?

Back 99

-Timothy McFay (James and Terry Nichols co-conspirators)
-War changed his outlook on government + Wayco case where he felt the gov’t wasn’t good
-168 people killed in 1995 bombing
-Hasn’t expressed any remorse to this day

Front 100

The Tylenol Mass Killer: What happened? What safety procedure came out of this killing? How many people did they kill?

Back 100

-Someone stole bottles of the shelf and replaced the tablets with poison (ironic because 3 family members die in one family)
-All the child proof stuff/etc came out of this
-Killed 7 people

Front 101

What was the criminal profile for the expected Tylenol mass killer?

Back 101

Probably the perpetrator was an employee or previous employee and believed to be a white male in his 20s and lived in Chicago around that time

Front 102

What did Richard Speck do? Who survived and how? What was witnessed in prison that changed people's outlook on prison security?

Back 102

He killed a group of nurses who lived in a dorm at nursing school; Cora rolled under the bed when he walked out of the room bc he didn't count them; sex with men, drugs, female hormones all caught on tape

Front 103

M’Naghten rule is also known as:

Back 103

the right and wrong test

Front 104

M’Naghten rule emphasizes 2 cognitive elements:

Back 104

1. being aware and knowing what one was doing at the time of the illegal act
2. knowing or realizing right from wrong in the moral sense

Front 105

M’Naghten rule does not cover what specific situation?

Back 105

an irresistible impulse: situations where people “simply could not help themselves”; knew right from wrong

Front 106

Durham rule

Back 106

-mental illness must play a necessary role in the act and person cannot be held responsible if unlawful act is a product of a mental disorder

Front 107

Problem with Durham rule

Back 107

so simple that once the definition of “mental illness” was found to be blurry, a defendant could be excused after a mental health expert deemed them “mentally ill”

Front 108

Brawner/ALI
must be demonstrated that the disease/mental defect substantially and directly: 2 things

Back 108

1. influenced the defendant’s mental or emotional processes
2. impaired their ability to control behavior

Front 109

In what 2 ways is the Brawner/ALI different from M’Nagten:

Back 109

1. recognizes partial responsibility for criminal conduct
2. the possibility of an irresistible impulse beyond one’s control

Front 110

What is the caveat paragraph in the Brawner/ALI?

Back 110

intended to disallow the insanity defense for criminal psychopaths who persistently violate social mores/the law

Front 111

Not guilty by reason of insanity. Who got away with this plea famously?

Back 111

-state of mind at the time of the crime
-Hinkley got away with NGRI which caused many states to reconsider their NGRI laws

Front 112

Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984 changed the Brawner/ALI in 3 ways:

Back 112

1. abolished the irresistible impulse test
2. tighten the requirement to a total lack of ability to appreciate that what they did was wrong
3. mental disease or defect must be severe (esp. personality disorders)

Front 113

Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984 do as far as testimony of mental health officials in court?

Back 113

barred mental health professionals from giving their ultimate opinion whether the defendant was sane or not; can still testify and give diagnoses

Front 114

What does guilty but mentally ill imply? What was in mainly created to do?

Back 114

-holds the defendant blameworthy for the offense, but recognizes the presence of a mental disorder
-to reduce the number of insanity acquittals

Front 115

The GBMI verdict was unsuccessful in what 3 ways?

Back 115

1. acquittals have not reduced
2. GBMI have longer sentences that “sane” ppl of the same crime
3. the promise of treatment in the verdict is unfulfilled

Front 116

" sufficient ability to consult with their lawyer and a reasonable degree of understanding of the proceedings”

Back 116

incompetence to stand trial

Front 117

Modus Operandi (MO)

Back 117

refers to the actions and procedures an offender engages in to commit a crime successfully

Front 118

personation/signature

Back 118

anything that goes beyond what is necessary to commit the crime

Front 119

staging

Back 119

refers to the intentional alteration of a crime scene prior to the arrival of the police, and it is sometimes done by someone other than the perpetrator

Front 120

organized crime scene
(4 aspects)

Back 120

-planning/premeditation
-victim/evidence has been moved
-victim is targeted stranger
-reflects control

Front 121

disorganized crime scene

Back 121

-spontaneous,unplanned
-body/evidence left at scene
-victim/location known
-sloppy, random scene

Front 122

Psychological profiling

Back 122

broad behavioral realm of tendencies, foibles, faults, likes and dislikes, interests, strengths, etc.

Front 123

Criminal profiling

Back 123

process of identifying personality traits, behavioral patterns, geographic habits, and demographic features of an offender based on characteristics of the crime

Front 124

Geographical profiling

Back 124

method of identifying the area of probable residence or the probable area of the next crime of an unknown offender based on the location of and the spatial relationships amound various crime sites

Front 125

equivocal death analysis/reconstructive psychological evaluation; aka; 2 ways it differs from criminal profiling

Back 125

the reconstructions of the emotional life, behavioral patterns, and cognitive feature of a deceased person; psychological autopsy;
1. constructed on a dead person
2. identitiy of the person is already known

Front 126

racial profiling

Back 126

police initiated action that relies on the race rather than the behavior of and individual

Front 127

What is Criminal Geographic Targeting (CGT) used for?

Back 127

ultimate objective is to pinpoint the location of the offender's residence/base of operations

Front 128

4 hunting patterns of serial offenders according to Rossmo:

Back 128

1. hunter: intentionally seeks victims in their area
2. poacher: goes father away from their neighborhood
3. troller: waits for victims to come to them during regular activities
4. trapper: creates situations to intice victim to come to him