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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cognition
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mental activities associated w/ thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
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Cognitive Psychologist Study..
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Concept Formation
Problem Solving Decision Making Judgement Formation |
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Concept
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mental grouping of simialr objects, events, ideas, or people
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Prototype
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mental image or best example of a category
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Algorithm
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methodical, logical rule, very tedious, guarentees solving the problem
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Heuristic
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simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements
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Insight
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sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem
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Mental Set
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tendency to approach a problem in a particular way
-something especially successful in the past |
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Functional Fixedness
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tendency to think of things only in terms w/ what their ususally used for
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Represenative Heuristic
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Professor/Truck Driver Example
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Availability Heuristic
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estimated likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
EX) Airplane Crash/ Car Crash |
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Framing
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the way the issue is posed
25% fat 75% lean |
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Belief Bias
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tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
EX)Chickens don't have feathers |
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Belief Perserverance
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clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
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Language
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Spoken, Written, or Signed words and the ways we combine them as we think and communicate
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Phoneme
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In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
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Morpheme
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In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word (EX) Prefix, Suffix
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Grammar
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In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
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Semantics
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the set of rules by which we derive a meaning from morphemes,words,sentences in a given language; also the study of meaning
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Syntax
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the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language
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Babbling Stage
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Beg. about 4 months child spontaneouly utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
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One-Word Stage
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the stage in speech devolpment, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words
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Two-Word Stage
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Beg. about age 2, stage in speech devolpment during which a child speaks in mostly two-word statments
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Telegraphic Speech
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early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram,
"Go car" using mostly nouns and verbs omitting other words |
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Chomsky's (LAD)
Language Acquisition Device |
our capacity for developing language is natural and quick because we come equipped with a sort of switch box. As we hear the language the switches are programmed naturally
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Linguistic Determinism
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Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
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Intelligence
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is the ability to learn from experiences, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
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Emotional Intelligence
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the ability to percieve, understand, manage, and use emotions
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Creativity
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one's ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
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Intelligence Test
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a method for assessing an individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using nemerical scores
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Mental Age
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Devised by Binet; chronological age that most typically correspinds to a given level of performance. 8 yr old doing 8yr old things
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Stanford-Binet
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widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test
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(IQ)
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origanally defined as the ratio between mental age and chronological age (X by 100)
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Aptitude Test
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a test designed to predict a person's future preformance, aptitude is the capacity to learn
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Achievement Test
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a test designed to assess what a person has learned
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
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The WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance(nonverbal) Subtest
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Standardization
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defining meaningful scores by comparison with the perfomance of a pretested standardization group
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Normal Curve
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Bell Shape Curve, most scores fall on the averages and fewer scores on the extremes
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Reliability
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the extent in which a test yields consistent results
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Validity
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the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
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Predictive Validity
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the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict
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Motivation
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a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
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Instinct
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a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned througout a species and is unlearned
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Homeostasis
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Feeling normal physically and mentally
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Drive-Reduction Theory
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the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
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Incentive
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a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
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Maslows's Hierarchy of Needs
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1) PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
2) SAFETY NEEDS 3) BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE NEED 4) ESTEEM NEEDS 5) SELF-ACTUALIZATION NEEDS |
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Glucose
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the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its low, we feel hunger
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Anorexia
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Normal Weighted person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
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Bulimia
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Episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
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Refractory Period
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a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
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Sex
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physiologically based motive, like hunger, affected by learning and values
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Sexual Response Cycle
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Excitement
Plateau Orgasm Resolution |
